Central Dogma Flashcards
This is the flow of genetic information (DNA) to RNA in order to make a functional product, a protein
Central Dogma
This nucleic acid contains a cell’s genetic information
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What are the nucleotide bases involved in DNA.
Adenine and Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine
What is the function of DNA Replication and what are it’s steps?
Cell Division
Initialization - Helicase enzyme unzip the parental DNA
Priming - RNA Primase enzyme synthesizes RNA primer to initialize the synthesization of the lagging stand to form Okazaki Fragment
Elongation - Addition of new DNA nucleotides
Termination - Cell proofreading and synthesization of new strand of DNA
This enzyme in DNA replication is responsible for unzipping a DNA into seperate strands to carry out DNA replication.
Helicase
This enzyme is known to initialize the synthesization process by releasing RNA Primer in the lagging strand for the DNA polymerase to expand upon, thus forming an Okazaki Fragment.
Primase
This enzyme is known as the ‘builder’ or synthesizing enzyme as it replicates new DNA strands.
DNA polymerase
This enzyme is known as the binding enzyme, as it binds the Okazaki fragment to the growing DNA strand during DNA replication.
DNA Ligase
This nucleic acid translates & transcripts genetic information from DNA for protein synthesis and contains the nucleotide uracil instead of thymine
Ribonucleic acid
This is the start codon of RNA
AUG (Adenine Uracil Guamine)
These are the stop codon of RNA
Uracil-Adenine-Guanine, Uracil-Guanine-Adenine, Uracil-Adenine-Adenine
Enumerate the differences between DNA & RNA
DNA:
Deoxyribose
Located in nucleus
Helical shaped
Double stranded
Adenine & Thymine, Guanine & Cytosine
RNA:
Ribose
Located in cytoplasm and ribosomes
Non-helical
Single stranded
Adenine & Uracil, Guanine & Cytosine
This RNA type is a codon located in the nucleus that carries that carries the genetic information (DNA) for protein synthesis to the ribosomes
Messenger RNA
This RNA is an anticodon located in the cytoplasm that transports amino acids to the mRNA to make protein
Transfer RNA
This RNA is forms and is the structural component of ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
This is a process wherein a cell makes protein based on the message in its DNA .
Protein Synthesis
What are the steps involved in protein synthesis and their functions?
Transcription - convert the genetic information (DNA) to mRNA to synthesize protein
Translation - read mRNA according to the genetic code to form the amino acids that make a protein
This is a set of instructions cells use to translate information from genetic material into amino acids.
Genetic Code
