central control of respiration and acid-base balance Flashcards
what do the neurones of the dorsal respiratory group stimulate
motor neurones innervating muscles of inspiration
what do stretch receptors in the lung do
send impulses to the pons to switch off stimulation and prevent overinflation of the lung = hering-breuer reflex
for active expiration what do neurones in the ventral respiratory group do
send impulses to expiratory muscles
what are the peripheral chemoreceptors
carotid and aortic bodies
what do carotid and aortic bodies do
monitor PaO2 and arterial H+
what is carotid bodies innervated by
cranial nerve IX
what are aortic bodies innervated by
CN X
how to balance alkalosis
body increases H+ in the ECF
mechanisms to achieve acid-base balance
buffering
lungs
kidney
where does H+ come from
dissociation of acids
carbonic acid, CO2 and h2o
non-volatile of fixed acids from nutrient metabolism
what causes respiratory acidosis
accumulation of H+ due to build up of CO2
what causes metabolic acidosis
accumulation of H+ due to build up of fixed acids
what is a buffer
a system which can bind or donate hydrogen ions
usually an acid
strong acid
dissociates completely in water
weak acid
dissociates partially in watter
