CEN cardiology assessment Flashcards
3 things that influence stroke volume
contractility, preload, afterload
Preload is
volume
2 things that decrease preload
hypovolemia and vasodilators
afterload is
resistance to ventricular emptying
afterload is decreased by these two things
distributive shocks and vasodilators
preload is increased by these two things
volume and vasoconstrictors
Too much afterload….
Vasopressors
Too little afterload…
vasodilators (ntg)
SNS stimulation releases…
epinephrine and norepinephrine
epi and norpei cause
an increase in HR in response to shock
Parasympathetic nervous system causes a…..
decrease in HR
Two examples of parasympathetic response are
the vagal response and neurogenic shock (blocked sympathetic response; unopposed parasympathetic)
MAP formula is…
((2 x DBP)+SBP)/3
Pulse Pressure (PP) is
the difference between SBP and DBP
Narrowed PP is seen in
early shock
Widened PP is seen with
increased ICP
Cushing triad indicates…
increased ICP
The three parts of Cushing triad are
widened pp or increased SBP, bradycardia, and irregular breathing patteren
