Cellular respiration UNIT 3 AOS 1 Flashcards
what is the word equation?
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + ATP
what is the chemical equation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-38 ATP
what is ATP?
adenosine triphosphate.
what is phosphorylation?
the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule to give it energy to work. (occurs in active transport)
what happens in phosphorylation?
the phosphate from the hydrolysis of ATP attaches to a transport molecule, the bonding gives the molecule the ability to pump stuff out. Once the phosphate has done it’s job it leaves the transport molecule
where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
where does krebs cycle occur?
matrix
where does electron transport occur?
cristae
what happens in glycolysis?
glucose is oxydised and is split into 2 pyruvate molecules, generating 2 ATP. Carrier molecule NAD becomes loaded NADH
what happens in krebs cycle?
pyruvate is oxidised to make acetyl CoA which then enters the krebs cycle. 2 ATP as well as 6CO2, 6NADH, 2FADH2
what happens in electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH+ are oxidised by the ETC. H+ ions are made. These are pumped out of the matrix. Their diffusion back in via ATP synthase makes 32 ATP
what are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis?
inputs: glucose, NAD+, 4 ADP+Pi
outpiuts: 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, NADH, H+
what are the inputs and outputs of krebs cycle?
inputs: acetyl coA, NAD+, FAD, 2 ADP+Pi
outputs: 2 ATP, NADH, FADH2, 6CO2
inputs and outputs of electron transport chain?
inputs: NADH, H+ ions, FADH2, O2, 32-34 ADP+Pi
outputs: NAD+, FAD, water, 32-34ATP
what is anaerobic respiration?
occurs in the cytosol, follows after glycolysis, nore more ATP is made, very quick process
how many stages are there?
2
what are the two stages of anaerobic for animals?
- glycolysis
2. lactic acid fermentation
what happens in lactic acid fermentation?
pyruvate is converted to lactic acid and water with no release of oxygen
what are the two stages of anaerobic for plants?
- glycolysis
2. alcohol fermentation
what happens in alcohol fermentation?
pyruvate is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide
what are the products of cellular respiration?
CO2, ATP and water
how photosynthesis and cellular respiration depend on eachother?
the products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration, and the reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration
what is used to make lactic acid in the fermentation stage?
one hydrogen atom from NADH and one free hydrogen proton
what happens to NADH in lactic acid fermentation?
it is oxidized and converted to NAD+
what is the final acceptor of electron transport chain?
oxygen
define cellular respiration?
the breakdown of glucose to release energy
