Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Biomacromolecules UNIT 3 AOS 1 > Flashcards

Biomacromolecules UNIT 3 AOS 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What elements do carbohydrates have?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

A
  • monosaccharide (single sugar unit)
  • disaccharide (2 sugar units)
  • polysaccaride (many sugar units)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens when you break up a polymer?

A

It becomes a monomer. This happens from a hydrolysis reaction where water goes in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happen when you make a polymer?

A

A series of monomers together. Creating a condensation reaction where water goes out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is maltose?

A

a sugar that is produced from the breakdown of starch. It is a disaccharide consisting of two linked glucose units.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What elements do lipids have?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the structure of phospholipids?

A
  • Consist of a polar head (hydrophilic) made from glycerol and phosphate
  • Has a charge associated with it
  • Chemically attracted to water
  • Consist of two non-polar fatty acid tails (hydrophobic) - lipid tail
  • Chemically repelled to water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

3 fatty acids chains attached to glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A
  • no double bond
  • straight line chain
  • mostly animal fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A
  • at least one double bond
  • this gives them a kink
  • mostly plant fats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acids?

A

Only have one double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A

Have two or more double bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is another word for protein?

A

Peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the monomers and polymers of proteins?

A 
Monomer = amino acid
Polymer = dipeptide, polypeptide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List and explain the four levels of polypeptides?

A
  1. Primary = in a sequence
  2. Secondary = coils and folds of the primary chain held together by hydrogen bondings
    e. g. alpha helix (keratin) or beta pleated sheet (silk protein)
  3. Tertiary = lots of wrapping and folding. more bonds form between the “R” groups (myoglobin)
  4. Quaternary = 2 or more polypeptide chains bent into one molecule (haemoglobin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the bond between amino acid called?

A

Peptide bond

17
Q

What is the proteome?

A

All of the proteins in an organism

18
Q

Where are the hydrogen bonds?

A

Bonds between bases

19
Q

What are the 5 necleotide bases?

A

Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil, Guanine

20
Q

Where are the phosphodiester bonds?

A

Between carbon atom 3’ of one sugar molecule and the carbon atom 5’ of another molecule

21
Q

What is the sugar in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose

22
Q

What is the sugar in RNA?

A

Ribose

23
Q

How do the bases link in DNA?

A

Adenine –> Thymine

Guanine –> Cytosine

24
Q

How do the bases link in RNA?

A

Adenine –> Uracil

Guanine –> Cytosine

25
Q

What is the difference between structures of DNA and RNA?

A
  • DNA is double stranded, RNA single
  • DNA adenine bonds to thymine, RNA adenine bonds to Uracil
  • DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose
26
Q

are monosaccharides soluble in water?

A

yes all are

27
Q

what saccharide is sucrose and how is it made?

A

disaccharide - glucose + fructose

28
Q

what saccharide is lactose and how is it made?

A

disaccharide - galactose + glucose

29
Q

what saccharide is starch and how is it made?

A

polysaccharide - made of glucose sub-units

30
Q

what saccharide is cellulose and how is it made?

A

polysaccharide - made of glucose sub-units

31
Q

what saccharide is glycogen and how is it made?

A

polysaccharide - made of glucose sub-units

32
Q

what are the 6 different forms of lipids?

A
  1. waxes
  2. steroids
  3. cholesterol
  4. triglycerides
  5. phospholipids
  6. glycolipids
33
Q

state two functions of lipids in the body?

A
  1. energy storage

2. protect organs from damage

34
Q

what is a phosphodiester bond?

A

linkage between carbon atom 3’ of one sugar molecule and the carbon atom 5’ of another

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions