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Biology 100 > Cellular Respiration Exam 3 > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q
  • autotrophs
A

producers - make all their own organic matter ie carbs lipids proteins nucleic acieds - from inorganic CO2/air/water

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2
Q
  • heterotrophs
A

consumers - can’t make organic molecules from inorganics

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3
Q
  • glucose molecule formula
A

C6H12O6

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4
Q
  • explain energy flow/elemnt cycle
A

energy flows through ecosystem - elements recycled

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5
Q
  • explain O2 CO2 diffusion
A

oxygen diffuses across lung lining into blood - CO@ diffuses from blood out of lungs - all CO@ exhale formed in mitochondria

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6
Q
  • cellular (degradative) respiration def
A

aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules - 3 stages 1 glycolysis 2 citric acid Krebs cycle 3 electron transport

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7
Q
  • write simplified cell resp equation
A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP

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8
Q
  • how many ATP produced cell resp total
A

38 for each glucose (32 from NADH and FADH2 chain + 2 glycolysis + 2 citric acid)

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9
Q
  • what is redox reaction + components
A

transfer é from one substance to other - loss of electrons = oxidation - glucose oxidized // acceptance of electrons = reduction (positive charge reduced)

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10
Q
  • oxygen function in redox reactions + example
A

oxygen = electron grabber ie falling from glucose to oxygen - to release energe

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11
Q
  • sentence to describe cellular respiration
A

cellular respiration unlocks chemical energy in smaller amounts that cells can put to productive use

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12
Q
  • first stop of é from glucose → O2
A

NAD+ (From niacin) - reduces to NADH

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13
Q
  • what pulls és down é transport chain
A

attraction of oxygen to electrons

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14
Q
  • explain use each link in é transport chain
A

a molecule - és give up E with each transfer - indirectly used for ATP - molecule at bottom of chain drop é to Oxygen

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15
Q
  • function of NADH
A

carries és to top of é transport chain

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16
Q
  • why does drowning kill
A

deprives cell of oxygen electron grabbers for cell resp

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17
Q
  • def glycolisis + where those enzymes
A

(splitting of sugar) glucose split into 2 pyruvic acid - enzymes in cytoplasm for it

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18
Q
  • define citric acid cycle
A

breakdown glucose to CO2 - transfers é to NAD+ for NADH = redox - in mitochondira (enzyme loca)

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19
Q
  • define electron transport stage
A

és from NADH fall down chain to oxygen (attracted) - set of enzymes and cofactores (non-protein molecules)

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20
Q
  • steps of glycolysis
A

Glycolysis - 1. 6-C glucose broken in half to 2 3-C - requires two ATP // 2. 3-Cs donate é to make NADH // 2 ATP per glucose molecule made

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21
Q
  • explain phosphate groups glycolysis
A

3-C molecule has 1 P group - used to transfer é to NAD - then 2 P groups used to make 2 ATP each

22
Q
  • glycolysis products
A

(NADH) (2 net ATP) 2 Pyruvic acid

23
Q
  • List steps of pyruvic acid grooming to Acetyl CoA
A
  1. loses a carbon as CO2 (1st cell resp waste product) → acetic acid 2.oxidation generates NADH 3. acetic acid + CoA to Acetyl CoA for escort to citric acid cycle
24
Q
  • citric acid cycle steps
A

acetic acid + 4-C acceptor → 6-C citric acid → 2 CO2 eventually (&H20) // cycle goes twic for 1 glucose molecule

25
Q
  • citric acid energy harvest forms
A

NADH - FADH2

26
Q
  • mitochondria mebrane function
A

large surface area for many copies of é transport chain

27
Q
  • purpose of é fall in transport chain
A

pumps H+ ions across inner mitochondrial membrane - causes [ ] buildup = potential energy

28
Q
  • describe ATP synthase
A

protein turbine built in to inner mitochondrial membrane

29
Q
  • explain ATP production é transport chain
A

NADH + FADH2 transfer high E é to cofactor chain // this E pumps H+ out of matrix // Oxygen pulls és down the chain // H+ back into matrix through ATP synthase = ATP

30
Q
  • how does cyanide work
A

binds to a protein complex of é chain - blocks é passage to oxygen = dead

31
Q
  • ATP production breakdown
A

glycolysis 2 output // citric acid 2 output // é transport 2 output

32
Q
  • fermentation def + when
A

anaerobic (oxygen NOT final acceptor) harvest of food energy - cells get like this when ATP spent faster than O2 delivered

33
Q
  • waste product from addition of electrons of pyruvic acid (from NDAH disposal there) + food example
A

lactic acid - ie sour cream taste

34
Q
  • was glycolysis used before O2
A

yes - oldest bacteria 3.5 billion years old - O2 comes in 2.7 byo

35
Q
  • “first few glucose reactions” image card
A

img

36
Q
  • what is first law of thermodynamics
A

no e lost or gained

37
Q
  • high stored E to low stored E biological examples
A

Wood → ash/CO2/heat // pigment molecule with é in high orbit → pigment molecule with E in low orbit

38
Q
  • 2nd law of thermo dynamics explain + implications
A

no rxn 100% efficient - everything tends to disorder - if you want to brocess info u need E source

39
Q
  • explain degradative resp 2nd law thermo tie in
A

burning high energy molecules → CO2 =to less stored energy and ꜛ entropy

40
Q
  • explain sun 2nd thermo law tie-in
A

concentrated E in sun ultimately dissipated as heat

41
Q
  • explain early E capture theory
A

molecules in membrane absorb light to chemical gradients = high energy phosphate molecules - early metabolism may have been this

42
Q
  • explain é transport chain in terms of reaction types
A

each step = exergonic rxn coupled to endergonic rxn (take E to occur) - sup of endergonic rxns sets condition for ATP production

43
Q
  • classification of NADH
A

NADH = nucleotide coenzyme

44
Q
  • explain é transport chain structure
A

anchored next to each other in membrane

45
Q
  • is glycolysis efficient?
A

no only 2 ATP produced

46
Q
  • are citric acid cycle + é transport efficient ATP producers?
A

yes

47
Q
  • explain glycolysis energy payoff phase
A

G3P goes to pyruvate - produces 2 ATP

48
Q
  • why are cycles efficient
A

recycle molecules through the system

49
Q
  • chemiosmosis
A

pproduction of ATP from H+ gradient

50
Q
  • glycolysis efficiency
A

40% effieiency - 40% glucose changed into ATP

51
Q
  • explain alcoholic fermentation
A

pyrvuate goes to alcohol - ie yeast - not efficient but yeast can do efficient O2 when available or not when not

52
Q
  • See diagrams album iphone
A

fact good good

Biology 100 (3 decks)

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