Cellular respiration and photosynthesis vocab Flashcards
What is ATP?
High-energy molecule that contains, within its bonds, energy that cells can use.
What is ADP?
Low-energy molecule that can be converted to ATP.
What is cellular respiration?
Process of producing ATP by breaking down carbon-based molecules when oxygen is present.
What does aerobic mean?
Process that requires oxygen to occur.
What is glycolysis?
Anaerobic process in which glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate and two molecules of ATP are produced.
What does anaerobic mean?
Process that does not require oxygen to occur.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
Process during cellular respiration that breaks down a carbon molecule (pyruvate) to produce molecules (NADH) that are used in the electron transport chain.
What is fermentation?
Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis.
What is lactic acid?
Product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells.
What is photosynthesis?
Process by which light energy is converted to chemical energy; produces sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.
What is chlorophyll?
Light-absorbing pigment molecule in photosynthetic organisms.
What are light-dependent reactions?
Part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-independent reactions.
What are light-independent reactions?
Part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reactions to synthesize carbohydrates (glucose).
What is the Calvin Cycle?
Process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from CO2.
What is the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?
Series of proteins in the thylakoids and mitochondrial membranes that aid in converting ADP to ATP by transferring electrons.
What are thylakoids?
Membrane-bound structure within chloroplasts that contains chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
What is a photosystem?
Series of light-absorbing pigments and proteins that capture and transfer energy in the thylakoid membranes.
What is ATP synthase?
Enzyme that catalyzes the reactions that adds a high-energy phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
