Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What happens during glycolysis?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
The energy investment stage (ATP required) is the 1st half, which involves the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates.
Energy payoff is the 2nd half and involves the direct generation of ATP resulting in a net gain of ATP.
In aerobic conditions, pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group a d combines with coenzyme A to produce acetyl coenzyme A.
Occurs in the cytoplasm.
What happens during the citric acid cycle?
The acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to from citrate.
During a series of enzyme controlled steps, citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate.
The cycle generates ATP and releases carbon dioxide .
This occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and can only occur if oxygen is present.
What do dehydrogenase enzymes do?
They remove hydrogen ions and electrons from both glycolysis and citric acid cycle and passes them to the coenzyme NAD forming NADH
Where are the hydrogen ions and electrons from the NADH passed on to?
The Electron Transport Chain
What happens during the electron transport chain?
The NADH passes its hydrogen ions and electrons down a series of electron acceptors releasing their energy, which is used to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane by active transport.
The return flow of hydrogen ions by diffusion via the membrane protein, ATP synthase, drives the synthesis of the bulk of the ATP produced in respiration
The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which combines with the hydrogen ions and electrons to from water.
The electron transport chain is a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is the role of ATP in the transfer of energy?
ATP as the high energy compound, which transfers energy.
ATP is produced when ADP combines with phosphate in phosphorylation, building up energy, and releases energy when broken down into ADP and phosphate once more.
