Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Describe the process of glycolysis
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
What is required for phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
ATP
Phosphorylation leads to the generation of more ATP during which stage?
Energy payoff stage
What does the energy pay off stage result in?
A net gain of ATP
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
No it’s an anaerobic process
Under aerobic conditions what cycle proceeds?
Citric acid cycle
Describe the first stage of the citric acid cycle.
Pyruvate broken down to acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A
Describe stage 2 of the citric acid cycle
Acetyl group from coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate
Complete the description of the citric acid cycle.
A series of enzyme controlled steps, where citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate which results in the generation of ATP and the release of co2
What does the citric acid cycle generate?
ATP
What does the citric acid cycle release?
Carbon dioxide
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
The matrix of the mitochondria
Explain the role of dehydrogenase enyzmes
Remove hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH and passing them to the coenzyme NAD forming NADH. Occuring in both glycolysis and Krebs cycle
Where are hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH passed to?
Electron transport chain
Where is the electron transport chain?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Describe the ETC
A series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
How does ATP synthesis occur?
As electrons are passed along the ETC releasing energy
What does the energy released allow?
Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane
The flow of these ions back through the membrane protein ATP synthase results in…
The production of ATP
Describe the final stage of the ETC
Hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to form water
In the final stage oxygen is…
The final electron acceptor
What occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Fermentation takes place
Where does fermentation take place?
Cytoplasm
