Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Describe the process of glycolysis

Answer 1

The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

Question 2

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

What is required for phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis?

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

Phosphorylation leads to the generation of more ATP during which stage?

Answer 4

Energy payoff stage

Question 5

What does the energy pay off stage result in?

Answer 5

A net gain of ATP

Question 6

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

Answer 6

No it’s an anaerobic process

Question 7

Under aerobic conditions what cycle proceeds?

Answer 7

Citric acid cycle

Question 8

Describe the first stage of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 8

Pyruvate broken down to acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A

Question 9

Describe stage 2 of the citric acid cycle

Answer 9

Acetyl group from coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate

Question 10

Complete the description of the citric acid cycle.

Answer 10

A series of enzyme controlled steps, where citrate is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate which results in the generation of ATP and the release of co2

Question 11

What does the citric acid cycle generate?

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

What does the citric acid cycle release?

Answer 12

Carbon dioxide

Question 13

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

Answer 13

The matrix of the mitochondria

Question 14

Explain the role of dehydrogenase enyzmes

Answer 14

Remove hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH and passing them to the coenzyme NAD forming NADH. Occuring in both glycolysis and Krebs cycle

Question 15

Where are hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH passed to?

Answer 15

Electron transport chain

Question 16

Where is the electron transport chain?

Answer 16

Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 17

Describe the ETC

Answer 17

A series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

How does ATP synthesis occur?

Answer 18

As electrons are passed along the ETC releasing energy

Question 19

What does the energy released allow?

Answer 19

Hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 20

The flow of these ions back through the membrane protein ATP synthase results in…

Answer 20

The production of ATP

Question 21

Describe the final stage of the ETC

Answer 21

Hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to form water

Question 22

In the final stage oxygen is…

Answer 22

The final electron acceptor

Question 23

What occurs in the absence of oxygen?

Answer 23

Fermentation takes place

Question 24

Where does fermentation take place?

Answer 24

Cytoplasm

Question 25

During fermentation, in animal cells what is pyruvate converted to?

Answer 25

Lactate in a reversible reaction

Question 26

During fermentation, in plant/yeast cells what is produced?

Answer 26

Ethanol and carbon dioxide in an irreversible reaction

Question 27

In terms of ATP, what does fermentation result in?

Answer 27

Much less ATP being produced than in aerobic respiration

Question 28

Where is ATP used to transfer energy to?

Answer 28

Cellular processes which require energy