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Biology II > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Glycolysis occurs in…

A

Cytosol

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2
Q

Is O2 required?

A

No, it is anaerobic

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3
Q

What are the reactants of Glycolysis?

A

Glucose, 2 ADP + 2 Pi, 2 NAD+

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4
Q

What are the products of Glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvates, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2H2O

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5
Q

What are the 2 sources of glucose

A

1- From food
transfer from digestive system into epithelial cells (via Na+ and cotransport)
into all other cells by facilitated diffusion (usually need insulin)

2- From glycogen breakdown

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6
Q

What does kinase do?

A

transfer of Pi between ATP and another molecule

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7
Q

What does isomerase do?

A

changes the molecule’s conformation

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8
Q

What does dehydrogenase do?

A

removes H

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9
Q

What does mutase do?

A

transfer functional group from one position to another

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10
Q

What does enolase do?

A

removes H2O

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11
Q

Fermentation occurs when…

A

The end products of glycolysis accumulate (pyruvate and NADH)

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12
Q

What is lactic acid fermentation?

A

Pyruvate + NADH to lactic acid + NAD+

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13
Q

Advantage of lactic acid fermentation

A

Regenerates NAD+ neded for glycolysis to continue

Provides ATP

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14
Q

Disadvantage of lactic acid fermentation

A

Short term due to the increase in pH

Creates O2 debt

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15
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

Lactic acid diffuses out of muscle cell and transported to liver cell (lactice acid to pyruvate to glucose)

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16
Q

What are the end products of alcohol fermentation?

A

CO2 and ethanol (cannot occur in humans)

17
Q

Advantage of alcohol fermentation

A

Regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis

provides ATP

18
Q

What is alcohol fermentation? (Steps)

A

2 consecutive reactions:
pyruvate + H2O form acetaldehyde + CO2
acetaldehyde form (NADH to NAD+) ethanol

19
Q

Disavantage of alcohol fermentation

A

Ethanol is toxic

20
Q

Pyruvate oxidation occurs in…

A

Mitochondria

21
Q

What are the 3 steps of Pyruvate oxidation?

A

Decarboxylation (remove CO2)
Oxidation (make NADH to NAD+)
Conjugation to CoA (add Co enzyme A make acetyl CoA)

22
Q

What does the citric acid cycle provide?

A

NADH and FADH2 for electron transport system

23
Q

The Citric Acid Cycle occurs in…

A

mitochondrial matrix

24
Q

How many of each component per acetyl CoA?

A

CO2: 2
NADH: 3
FADH2: 1
GTP (can be converted to ATP): 1

Biology II (11 decks)

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