Cellular Respiration 2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three metabolic pathways in cellular respiration ?

A
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2
Q

What is glycolysis?

A

Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm.

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3
Q

What phase in glycolysis is ATP required for?

A

ATP is required for the Phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the
Energy Investment Phase of glycolysis.

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4
Q

What is the energy pay-off stage?

A

the generation of more ATP during the Energy Pay-Off stage and results in a net gain of ATP.

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5
Q

What happens in aerobic conditions in glycolysis?

A

In aerobic conditions, Pyruvate is broken down to an Acetyl Group that combines with Coenzyme A forming Acetyl Coenzyme A.

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6
Q

What happens in the first phase of the citric acid cycle?

A

In the Citric Acid Cycle the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with Oxaloacetate to form Citrate.

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7
Q

What happens in the second stage of the citric acid cycle?

A

During a series of enzyme-controlled steps, Citrate is gradually converted back into
Oxaloacetate which results in the generation of ATP and release of CO 2 .

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8
Q

Where does the citric acid cycle occur?

A

The citric acid cycle occurs in the Matrix of the Mitochondria.

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9
Q

What is the role of dehydrogenase enzymes?

A

Dehydrogenase Enzymes remove Hydrogen and Electrons and pass them to the
coenzyme NAD, forming NADH

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10
Q

What happens to the hydrogen ions and electrons from the NADH?

A

The hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH are passed to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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11
Q

What is the electron transport chain?

A

The Electron Transport Chain is a series of Carrier Proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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12
Q

Where does the electron transport chain take place?

A

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane.

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13
Q

What happens to the electrons and hydrogen ions in the Electron Transport Chain?

A

Electrons are passed along the electron transport chain releasing energy. This energy pumps hydrogen ions across the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane.

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14
Q

The flow of these ions back through the membrane protein ATP Synthase results in the production of what?

A

The flow of these ions back through the membrane protein ATP Synthase results in
the production of ATP.

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15
Q

What do hydrogen ions and electrons combine with to produce water?

A

Finally, hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to produce water.

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16
Q

When and does fermentation take place?

A

Fermentation takes place in the cytoplasm and in absence of oxygen.

17
Q

What happens during fermentation in animal cells?

A

In animal cells, Pyruvate is converted to Lactate in a reversible reaction.

18
Q

What happens during fermentation in plant cells?

A

In plants and yeast, Ethanol and CO 2 are produced in an irreversible reaction.

19
Q

Which produces more ATP: Fermentation or aerobic respiration?

A

Fermentation results in much less ATP being produced than in aerobic respiration.

20
Q

What is ATP used for?

A

ATP is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy.