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Biology Chapter 6 > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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0
Q

Cellular respiration definition

A

The aerobic harvesting of chemical energy from organic fuel molecules

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1
Q

What does a cell require to break down its fuel?

A

Oxygen

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2
Q

Cellular respiration requires a cell to…

A

Exchange two gases with its surroundings

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3
Q

The cell takes in ______, and gets rid of waste in the form of ________.

A

Oxygen, carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What is the common fuel molecule for cellular respiration?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

How many ATP molecules can be produced from one glucose molecule through cellular respiration?

A

38

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6
Q

During cellular respiration hydrogen and its bonding electron change partners from….

A

Sugar to oxygen, forming water as a product

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7
Q

What is a redox reaction?

A

A chemical reaction that transfers electrons from one substance to another substance

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8
Q

What is redox reaction short for?

A

Oxidation-reduction reaction

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9
Q

What is the loss of electrons during a redox reaction called?

A

Oxidation

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10
Q

What is the acceptance of electrons during a redox reaction called?

A

Reduction

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11
Q

What does oxygen accept during cellular respiration?

A

Electrons and hydrogen lost from glucose

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12
Q

What does an oxygen atom attract more strongly than almost any other type of atom?

A

Electrons

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13
Q

When electrons move from glucose to oxygen, ________ energy is released.

A

Potential

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14
Q

What does it mean when an electron “falls”?

A

It’s energy is released explosively in the form of heat and light

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15
Q

Redox reactions also releases a large amount of energy as the electrons of the hydrogen _____ into their new bonds with oxygen.

A

Fall

16
Q

Cellular respiration unlocks chemical energy in ________ _________ that cells can put to productive use.

A

Smaller amounts

17
Q

The first stop on the path electrons take on their way down from glucose to oxygen is

A

A positively charged electron acceptor called NAD+

18
Q

What does the transfer of electrons rom organic fuel to NAD+ reduce NAD+ to?

A

NADH

19
Q

What is each link in the electron transport chain?

A

A molecule, usually a protein

20
Q

Using a series of redox reactions, what does each member of the electron transport chain do?

A

First accepts and then donates electrons

21
Q

What do the electrons do during each transfer?

A

Give up a small amount of energy that can be used to generate ATP from ADP

22
Q

The first molecule of the chain accepts electrons from…

A

NADH

23
Q

NADH carries electrons from glucose and other fuel molecules and deposits them….

A

At the top of an electron transport chain

24
Q

The electrons at the top of an electrons transport chain…

A

Cascade down the chain from molecule to molecule

25
Q

The molecule at the bottom of the chain…

A

“drops” the electrons to oxygen. The oxygen also picks up one hydrogen, forming water.

26
Q

Oxygen is an electron…

A

“Grabber” that drives the cascade of electrons “downhill”

27
Q

Metabolism is the general term…

A

For all chemical processes that occur in cells

28
Q

How many reactions are involved in cellular respiration?

A

More than two dozen

29
Q

What are the three main metabolic stages?

A

Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport

30
Q

What happens to a molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

A

A molecule of glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid

31
Q

Where are the enzymes for glycolysis located?

A

The cytosol of the cell

32
Q

The citric acid cycle/Krebs cycle completes the breakdown of…

A

Sugar all the way to carbon dioxide, the waste product of cellular respiration

33
Q

The enzymes for the citric acid cycle are dissolved in…

A

The fluid within the mitochondria

34
Q

What do glycolysis and the citric acid cycle generate a small amount of directly?

A

ATP

35
Q

How do glycolysis and the citric acid cycle generate more ATP indirectly?

A

Through redox reactions

36
Q

Where are the proteins and other molecules that make up electron transport chains embedded?

A

Within the membrane of the mitochondria

37
Q

Where does most of the energy your cells use to make ATP come from?

A

The electron transport chain

Biology Chapter 6 (2 decks)

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