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Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Define anaerobic

A

A process that does not need/use any oxygen

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2
Q

Define aerobic

A

A process that needs/uses oxygen

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3
Q

What are the stages of cellular respiration in order?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain

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4
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Anaerobic

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5
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

The cytoplasm

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6
Q

What are the reactants of glycolysis? (with amounts)

A

Glucose, 2 ATP, 2 NAD+

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7
Q

What are the products of glycolysis? (with amounts)

A

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH

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8
Q

How much ATP is produced in glycolysis? Net total?

A

4
2

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9
Q

What products from glycolysis will become reactants in other stages? Which stages specifically?

A

Pyruvate (Krebs Cycle)
NADH (ETC)

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10
Q

What are the steps of glycolysis? (2)

A
  1. Glucose is converted into an intermediate C molecule, changing 2 ATP molecules into ADP in the process
  2. The intermediate C molecule is converted into 2 pyruvate, changing 2 NADP+ into NADH and 4 ADP into ATP in the process
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11
Q

Pyruvate is also known as…

A

Pyruvic acid

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12
Q

Is the Krebs Cycle aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

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13
Q

How is the Krebs Cycle aerobic?

A

Oxygen doesn’t directly enter, but this stage could not occur if it weren’t for the oxygen in the ETC

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14
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

A

The mitochondrial matrix

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15
Q

What is the main goal of the Krebs Cycle?

A

To make the majority of the electron carriers for the ETC

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16
Q

What are the reactants of the Krebs Cycle? (with amounts)

A

2 pyruvate molecules

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17
Q

What are the products of the Krebs Cycle? (with amounts)

A

6 carbon dioxide, 8 NADH, 2 FADH(2)

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18
Q

How much ATP is produced in the Krebs Cycle?

A

2

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19
Q

How many times must the Krebs Cycle occur for one reaction? Why?

A

Twice
Only one pyruvate can enter the cycle at a time, and the reaction requires two to go through

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20
Q

Which products from the Krebs Cycle become reactants in other stages? Which stages specifically?

A

NADH (ETC)
FADH(2) (ETC)

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21
Q

What are the steps of the Krebs Cycle? (3)

A
  1. Pyruvate is turned into Acetyl-CoA, turning NAD+ into NADH and releasing carbon dioxide in the process
  2. Acetyl-CoA is turned into Citric Acid, and the CoA breaks off to be reused back in the first step
  3. Citric is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule, and at five places accepts electrons (in order (1) carbon dioxide exits and NAD+ is turned into NADH, (2) carbon dioxide exits and NAD+ is turned into NADH, (3) ADP is turned into ATP, (4) FAD is turned into FADH2, (5) NAD+ is turned into NADH)
22
Q

Is the ETC aerobic or anaerobic?

23
Q

What is the ETC also known as?

A

Oxidative Phosphorylation

24
Q

Where does the ETC take place?

A

The inner membrane of the mitochondrion

25
What are the reactants of the ETC?
NADH, FADH(2), and Oxygen
26
What are the products of the ETC?
Water
27
How much ATP is produced in the ETC?
26-38
28
Which products from the ETC will become reactants in other stages?
None
29
What enzymes can be found in the ETC?
Complex 1, Complex 2, Complex 3, Complex 4, and the ATP Synthase
30
What are the steps of the ETC? (5)
1. NADH enters complex 1 and passes electrons on through complexes 1-4, hydrogen atoms are pumped through complex 1 2. FADH(2) enters complex 2 and passes electrons through complexes 2-4 3. Hydrogen atoms are pumped through complex 3 4. Hydrogen atoms are pumped through complex 4; the electrons are accepted by the oxygen, creating water 5. Hydrogen is pumped through the ATP synthase, making it turn and producing enough energy to turn ADP into ATP
31
Where does oxygen enter cellular respiration?
Enters complex 4 in the ETC where it gets turned into water
32
What is the range of ATP made during cellular respiration?
30-42
33
What is the job of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Act as the final electron receptor in the ETC, combining with electrons and hydrogen ions to create water, and allowing electrons to be transferred through the ETC, which in turn allows the ETC to continue producing ATP
34
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to each other?
Cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis; photosynthesis is the creation of food from energy and cellular respiration is the breaking down of food into energy
35
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
6O(2) + C(6)H(12)O(6) --> 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + ATP
36
Why does fermentation occur?
To release energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen by producing ATP
37
What are the two types of fermentation?
Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
38
When might alcoholic fermentation occur?
When bread rises, it is due to the yeast performing alcoholic fermentation and releasing carbon dioxide
39
When might lactic acid fermentation occur?
When we exercise, our muscles perform lactic acid fermentation. Soreness is caused by lactic acid buildup in our muscles
40
What are the reactants of alcoholic fermentation?
Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) and NADH
41
What are the reactants of lactic acid fermentation?
Pyruvic acid (pyruvate) and NADH
42
What are the products of alcoholic fermentation? Byproducts?
Ethyl alcohol and NAD+ Carbon dioxide
43
What are the products of lactic acid fermentation? Byproducts?
Lactic acid and NAD+ None
44
How much ATP is produced during one cycle of fermentation?
2
45
Which stage from cellular respiration occurs during fermentation?
Glycolysis
46
What is the goal of glycolysis in fermentation?
Make ATP for the organism when oxygen is not present
47
What is the goal of fermentation?
Turn NADH from glycolysis back into NAD+ to be recycled back into glycolysis, continuing the cycle
48
Is glycolysis in fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic
49
Is alcoholic fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic
50
Is lactic acid fermentation aerobic or anaerobic?
Anaerobic

Biology (7 decks)

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