Cell Transport Test Flashcards
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1hYtW4Fvvm-7DR4dj0hWNP5RbxfoTttYZDgu5-oBbFiA/edit#slide=id.g327b2edf242_0_157
Define passive transport
The movement of particles across a membrane from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration without the use of energy
Define active transport
The movement of particles across a membrane from an area of lesser concentration to an area of greater concentration using energy
What is the concentration gradient?
The difference in particle concentration over a distance, such as the inside and outside of a cell
What is ATP?
The type of energy used to make active transport happen
What are the types of passive transport?
Simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
What is simple diffusion?
The transport of solutes through a membrane without assistance from transport proteins
What is facilitated diffusion?
The transport of solutes through a membrane with the assistance of transport/carrier proteins and protein channels
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane
What are the types of active transport?
Protein/ion pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis
What are protein/ion pumps?
Transport proteins that use different charges as a form of energy for active transport
What is endocytosis? (Describe the process)
The process in which cells take in large particles
A molecule pushes into the cell membrane, forming a bubble that eventually detaches from the membrane, forming a vesicle around the particle that is now on the inside of the cell
What is exocytosis? (Describe the process)
The process in which cells release large particles
A molecule’s vesicle fuses with the membrane, becoming a part of the membrane and forcing its contents out of the cell
Define pinocytosis? What type of transport is it (really specifically)?
A cell taking in large liquid droplets
Endocytosis
Define phagocytosis? What type of transport is it (really specifically)?
A cell taking in large solid particles
Endocytosis
In what direction does water flow in osmosis?
From an area of high free water (fewer undissolved solutes) to low free water (greater undissolved solutes)
What type of transport is osmosis? (very specifically)
Facilitated diffusion
Define equilibrium
The state in which particles move in equal amounts into and out of the cell, so there is no net change
Define net movement
The direction that most of the particles in a solution are moving in
What transport protein does osmosis use?
Aquaporin
What are the three types of solutions caused by osmosis?
Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic
What is an isotonic solution? How does it affect osmosis? What may it cause?
A solution in which there are equal levels of solutes and free water inside the cell as there are outside
Water flows into and out of the cell in equal amounts
Causes no physical/visual change to the cell
What is a hypotonic solution? How does it affect osmosis? What may it cause?
A solution in which there is a higher concentration of solutes and lower concentration of free water inside the cell than outside
Water flows into the cell in order to attain equilibrium
Causes the cell to swell and potentially burst (especially if its an animal cell)
What is the word for a cell bursting?
Lyse
What is a hypertonic solution? How does it affect osmosis? What may it cause?
A solution in which there is a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of free water inside the cell than outside
Water flows out of the cell in order to attain equilibrium
Causes the swell to shrink
