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Biology > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cellular Respiration Equation

A

Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Carbon Dioxide + Chemical Energy (in ATP)

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2
Q

Where does glycolysis occur in a cell

A

The cytoplasm

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3
Q

Glycolysis doesn’t require what

A

Oxygen

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4
Q

Where do the Krebs cycle and electron transport occur in the cell

A

The mitochondria

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5
Q

What do the Krebs cycle and electron transport require

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the mitochondria

A

The matrix

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7
Q

Where does the electron transport stage of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria

A

On the inner membrane

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8
Q

What are the three stages of cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport - in that order

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9
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

The process by which organisms release the energy in glucose to make ATP.

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10
Q

A mitochondria has an ______ and _____ membrane

A

Inner and outer

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11
Q

The ______ is the fluid inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria

A

Matrix

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12
Q

What is the first product of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate or pyruvic acid

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13
Q

In glycolysis, ______ is split into two _______ pyruvate molecules. This releases energy and is transferred to ATP.

A

Glucose ; 3-carbon

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14
Q

The energy released during glycolysis is used to make what

A

Four ATP molecules

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15
Q

During glycolysis, _________ are transferred to molecules of NAD+ to produce two molecules of NADH.

A

High-energy electrons

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16
Q

NADH is used in what stage of cellular respiration to make more ATP

A

The third stage, the electron transport chain

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17
Q

How many ATP are used during glycolysis to make four ATP

A

2 ATP

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18
Q

What is the first product of the Krebs cycle

A

Citric acid

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19
Q

What is pyruvate

A

The 3-carbon product of glycolysis

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20
Q

Six carbon molecule

A

Citric acid

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21
Q

After citric acid is formed, it goes through a series of reactions that ____________. The ______ is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH2, another ______ carrying compound.

A

Release energy ; energy ; energy

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22
Q

What is the waste product of the Krebs cycle

A

Carbon dioxide

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23
Q

How many turns does it take for the Krebs cycle to finish and why

A

It takes two turns because pyruvate, which starts the Krebs cycle, is made twice during glycolysis.

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24
Q

The energy made in the Krebs cycle is stored in what at the end of the Krebs cycle

A

4 ATP - two from glycolysis
10 NADH - two from glycolysis
2 FADH2

25
Q

During the Krebs cycle, energy stored in ______ is transferred to ______ and ______, and some ______ is produced.

A

Pyruvate ; NADH ; FADH2 ; ATP

26
Q

Where are the electron transport chains located for cellular respiration

A

They are located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

27
Q

The electron transport chain is the ______ stage of aerobic respiration

A

Final

28
Q

After a single glucose molecule has been through the Krebs cycle, what is the total count of energy carrying molecules

A

4 ATP, 10 NADH, and 2 FADH2

29
Q

What molecule is passed between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

A

Acetyl- CoA

30
Q

Citric Acid is formed by the reaction of ______ and ______.

A

Acetyl-CoA ; Oxaloacetate

31
Q

The Krebs cycle is important because it produces ____________.

A

NADH and FADH2

32
Q

What does the ATP synthase serve as in the electron transport stage

A

An enzyme and ion channel

33
Q

The chemiosmotic gradient is due to…

A

The pumping of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane

34
Q

In the process of alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted to ______.

A

Ethanol

35
Q

Fermentation regenerates what molecule

A

NAD+

36
Q

In the presence of oxygen, energy is converted from glucose into numerous ATP molecules during…

A

Cellular respiration

37
Q

What are sources of energy for humans during exercise

A

ATP molecules, lactic acid fermentation, aerobic respiration

38
Q

What do carbohydrates not contain

A

Water

39
Q

What are three examples of a polysaccharide

A

Chitin, cellulose, starch

40
Q

What are carbohydrates made of

A

Monosaccharides

41
Q

What is an example of a monosaccharide

A

Glucose

42
Q

Sucrose consists of how many simple sugars

A

Two

43
Q

What is a carbohydrate

A

An organic compound used to store energy, such as sugar or starch

44
Q

Aerobic cellular respiration may produce a total of how many molecules of ATP

A

38

45
Q

During what stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced

A

Electron transport chain

46
Q

What process involves pyruvate reacting to form ATP and other molecules

A

The Krebs cycle

47
Q

Cellular respiration transfers chemical energy from ____________.

A

Glucose to ATP

48
Q

What products are synthesized during aerobic respiration

A

ATP and carbon dioxide

49
Q

True or False: Cellular Respiration uses carbon dioxide and water to produce ATP

A

False

50
Q

Anaerobic respiration produces energy - quickly or slowly

A

Quickly

51
Q

True or False - A major advantage of aerobic respiration is the amount of energy it stores

A

False

52
Q

What shape does glucose, fructose, and galactose have

A

Glucose - hexagon
Galactose - hexagon
Fructose - pentagon

53
Q

What process combines two monosaccharides together

A

Dehydration synthesis

54
Q

What disaccharide is made when two glucose molecules are made

A

Maltose

55
Q

What disaccharide is made when glucose and galactose are combined

A

Lactose

56
Q

What disaccharide is made when glucose and fructose are combined

A

Sucrose

57
Q

What process splits two monosaccharides apart

A

Hydrolysis

58
Q

What is the opposite of hydrolysis

A

Dehydration synthesis

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