Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Cellular Respiration Equation
Glucose + Oxygen ➡️ Carbon Dioxide + Chemical Energy (in ATP)
Where does glycolysis occur in a cell
The cytoplasm
Glycolysis doesn’t require what
Oxygen
Where do the Krebs cycle and electron transport occur in the cell
The mitochondria
What do the Krebs cycle and electron transport require
Oxygen
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the mitochondria
The matrix
Where does the electron transport stage of cellular respiration take place in the mitochondria
On the inner membrane
What are the three stages of cellular respiration
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport - in that order
What is cellular respiration
The process by which organisms release the energy in glucose to make ATP.
A mitochondria has an ______ and _____ membrane
Inner and outer
The ______ is the fluid inside the inner membrane of a mitochondria
Matrix
What is the first product of glycolysis
Pyruvate or pyruvic acid
In glycolysis, ______ is split into two _______ pyruvate molecules. This releases energy and is transferred to ATP.
Glucose ; 3-carbon
The energy released during glycolysis is used to make what
Four ATP molecules
During glycolysis, _________ are transferred to molecules of NAD+ to produce two molecules of NADH.
High-energy electrons
NADH is used in what stage of cellular respiration to make more ATP
The third stage, the electron transport chain
How many ATP are used during glycolysis to make four ATP
2 ATP
What is the first product of the Krebs cycle
Citric acid
What is pyruvate
The 3-carbon product of glycolysis
Six carbon molecule
Citric acid
After citric acid is formed, it goes through a series of reactions that ____________. The ______ is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH2, another ______ carrying compound.
Release energy ; energy ; energy
What is the waste product of the Krebs cycle
Carbon dioxide
How many turns does it take for the Krebs cycle to finish and why
It takes two turns because pyruvate, which starts the Krebs cycle, is made twice during glycolysis.
The energy made in the Krebs cycle is stored in what at the end of the Krebs cycle
4 ATP - two from glycolysis
10 NADH - two from glycolysis
2 FADH2
During the Krebs cycle, energy stored in ______ is transferred to ______ and ______, and some ______ is produced.
Pyruvate ; NADH ; FADH2 ; ATP
Where are the electron transport chains located for cellular respiration
They are located in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
The electron transport chain is the ______ stage of aerobic respiration
Final
After a single glucose molecule has been through the Krebs cycle, what is the total count of energy carrying molecules
4 ATP, 10 NADH, and 2 FADH2
What molecule is passed between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
Acetyl- CoA
Citric Acid is formed by the reaction of ______ and ______.
Acetyl-CoA ; Oxaloacetate
The Krebs cycle is important because it produces ____________.
NADH and FADH2
What does the ATP synthase serve as in the electron transport stage
An enzyme and ion channel
The chemiosmotic gradient is due to…
The pumping of hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
In the process of alcoholic fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted to ______.
Ethanol
Fermentation regenerates what molecule
NAD+
In the presence of oxygen, energy is converted from glucose into numerous ATP molecules during…
Cellular respiration
What are sources of energy for humans during exercise
ATP molecules, lactic acid fermentation, aerobic respiration
What do carbohydrates not contain
Water
What are three examples of a polysaccharide
Chitin, cellulose, starch
What are carbohydrates made of
Monosaccharides
What is an example of a monosaccharide
Glucose
Sucrose consists of how many simple sugars
Two
What is a carbohydrate
An organic compound used to store energy, such as sugar or starch
Aerobic cellular respiration may produce a total of how many molecules of ATP
38
During what stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP produced
Electron transport chain
What process involves pyruvate reacting to form ATP and other molecules
The Krebs cycle
Cellular respiration transfers chemical energy from ____________.
Glucose to ATP
What products are synthesized during aerobic respiration
ATP and carbon dioxide
True or False: Cellular Respiration uses carbon dioxide and water to produce ATP
False
Anaerobic respiration produces energy - quickly or slowly
Quickly
True or False - A major advantage of aerobic respiration is the amount of energy it stores
False
What shape does glucose, fructose, and galactose have
Glucose - hexagon
Galactose - hexagon
Fructose - pentagon
What process combines two monosaccharides together
Dehydration synthesis
What disaccharide is made when two glucose molecules are made
Maltose
What disaccharide is made when glucose and galactose are combined
Lactose
What disaccharide is made when glucose and fructose are combined
Sucrose
What process splits two monosaccharides apart
Hydrolysis
What is the opposite of hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
