Cell Cycle Flashcards
What are the four phases of the cell cycle
G1, S, G2, M
G1 stands for what
Growth 1
S stands for what
Synthesis
G2 stands for what
Growth 2
M phase is split into what two parts
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
A cell during growth 1 performs…
Normal functions
What happens to a cell at the end of growth 1?
It increases in size, but the nucleus stays the same
After growth 1, what does the cell go through and why?
Checkpoint #1 ; Its health is checked to make sure it can go to the next phase, if it isn’t healthy enough, the cell is exterminated
What happens inside a cell during synthesis?
DNA is copied
Why is synthesis the most dangerous phase of the cell cycle?
The most exact calculations are made during this phase, so there are more possibilities for there to be an error in this phase
After synthesis, what does the cell go through
Checkpoint #2
What does the cell go through during growth #2?
It doubles its organelles.
What organelles are doubled during growth #2
ER, golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondria, and ribosomes
What does the cell go through at the end of interphase
Checkpoint #3
M phase is divided into five different parts, how are phases 1-4 different from phase 5?
Phase 1-4 is the division of the nucleus while phase 5 is the division of the cytoplasm
Cytokinesis isn’t part of ______ but is part of ______.
Mitosis ; M phase
How much of the cell cycle is made up of interphase and m phase
Interphase - 90%
M Phase - 10%
DNA is made up of what
Chromotin
What form of DNA is used only during mitosis
Chromotid
What is cytokinesis
The splitting of cytoplasm during the m phase
The stomach lining lasts
2-3 days
The stomach outside lasts for
16 years
The brain lasts for
50 years
What are the different phases of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Why does a cell replicate?
For homeostasis or reproduction
The ratio of surface area to Volume is ideal at
6:1
A small cell is more ______ than a big cell
Efficient
A smaller cell can move ______ ______ ______ more efficiently
Gas, water, and electrolytes
The ratio of surface area to volume can be a reason for
A cell to replicate
An _____________ can be a reason for a cell to replicate
External injury
M phase’s five phases are…
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase(end of mitosis), and cytokinesis
What happens at check point #2
DNA is inspected to make sure it is accurate and complete
What happens at checkpoint #3
The cell is checked to make sure it is the right size and has its organelles doubled
The division of the nucleus is known as…
Mitosis or division of chromosomes
What is a somatic cell
All of the cells in a human body except for sex cells
How many sets of chromatids are there in a cell during G1
1
How many sets of chromatids are there in a cell in S phase
2 sets
How many sets of chromatids are there in a cell in G2
2 sets
What is the cell doing during prophase
Preparing for division
What is the cell doing during metaphase
The chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
What is a cell doing during anaphase
Starting to separate
What is a cell doing during telophase
Thinning out or creating two nucleuses
