Cellular respiration Flashcards
State the word equation for aerobic cellular respiration
glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water
State where aerobic cellular respiration occurs in a plant or animal cell
Mitochondria
State what aerobic means
With oxygen
Explain why a muscle cell would need lots of mitochondria.
Because mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration
then energy is produced in the form of ATP in the mitochondria which can be used for muscle contraction
therefore the muscle cells need a lot of mitochondria to produce lots of ATP.
Give three uses for the energy released from ATP in a cell
Active transport
Muscle contraction
Protein synthesis/making proteins
State the molecule that is formed with the energy that is released from breaking down glucose during aerobic cellular respiration
ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Outline the 3 different types of blood vessel
Artery. This means that it is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
Vein. This means that it is a blood vessel that carries blood into the heart.
Capillary. This means that it is the smallest blood vessel that connects arteries with veins and where gas exchange occurs.
Describe the path of oxygen from outside the body in the air, to getting into the cells.
Air is breathed into the lungs and will fill the alveoli. This means that the oxygen will then move into a capillary lining the lungs and move into a red blood cell. The oxygen will then diffuse into a body cell and go towards the mitochondria.
State what moves the blood around the body.
The heart
State what features the alveoli have which help with efficient diffusion of oxygen into the blood
Thin walls
Good blood supply
Large surface area of capillaries
State what cell carries oxygen around the body
Red blood cell (combining with haemoglobin)
Define anaerobic
Without oxygen
State the word equation for anaerobic cellular respiration in animals
Glucose –> lactic acid
Explain the oxygen debt produced in humans as a result of anaerobic cellular respiration.
Because lactic acid builds produced during anaerobic cellular respiration
Then means that oxygen is needed to break this down
Therefore someone has an oxygen debt and is required to still breath heavily after strenuous exercise stops
State what type of exercise would require anaerobic cellular respirtion
Strenuous e.g. sprinting
State how many ATP molecules are produced from anaerobic cellular respiration
2
State how many ATP molecules are produced from aerobic cellular respiration
30-32
Define the dependent variable
**Variable that is measured **in an experiment to see what effect the change or manipulation had.
Define the independent variable
Variable that is changed or manipulated in an experiment to see what effect it has on what you measure.
Define controlled variable
Variable that is kept constant in an experiment.
State the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
Artery
State the blood vessels that carry blood into the heart.
**Vein.
State the 2 functions of capillaries
Connects arteries with veins and where gas exchange occurs.
What changes occur to allow inhaling?
Diaphragm contracts, ribs move up and out
What changes occur to allow exhaling
Diaphragm relaxes (becomes dome shaped), ribs move in and down
What is cellular respiration?
the chemical reaction occurring in all cells to release energy from glucose
State the word equation for anaerobic cellular respiration in plants and yeast
Glucose –> carbon dioxide + ethanol
State the cellular location of anaerobic respiration
cytosol
State the function of the alveoli
Allow gas exchange of carbon dioxide from the blood and oxygen to the blood
