Cells and movement across membranes Flashcards
Name 5 organelles present in an animal cell
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Cytosol
Plasma membrane
Name the structures found in a prokaryotic cell
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
cytosol
single circular chromosome
ribosome
State the function of the single circular chromsome
made of DNA which controls cellular functions by coding for proteins
Name the components of the plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer (2 layers of phospholipids)
Protein channel
Protein pump
Name 2 specialised animal cells that would require a lot of mitochondria
Sperm cell
Muscle cell
Define facilitated diffusion
the net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration, down a concentration gradient, through a protein channel
Define active transport
the net movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration, against a concentration gradient, through a protein pump, using ATP.
Describe what type of particles can cross the plasma membrane by diffusion.
Small and uncharged. This means that they can fit between the gaps of the phospholipid bilayer and move through the phospholipid bilayer directly.
Name the organelles that would be found in a plant cell but not an animal cell
Permanent vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall
Describe the function of the nucleus
Contains DNA which controls cellular function by coding for proteins
Describe the function of the plasma cell membrane
Regulates the inputs and outputs of the cell
Describe the function of the cytosol
Fluid part of the cell where some chemical reactions occur
Describe the function of the ribosomes
site of polypeptide synthesis
Describe the function of the mitochondria
Site of aerobic cellular respiration
Describe the function of the chloroplast
Site of photosynthesis
Describe the function of the permanent vacuole
stores cell sap
Describe the function of the cell wall
Provides structure and support to the cell
Net,From,Through,To
Define Osmosis
The net movement of water from an area of high concentration through a partially permeable plasma membrane to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient.
State three features of an exchange surface
Short diffusion distance
Large surface area – more membrane for diffusion to occur across
Good blood supply to maintain concentration gradient
State the outcome of this plant cell gaining water
Turgid
State the outcome of this plant cell losing water
Plasmolysed
State the outcome of this animal cell gaining water
Lyses
State the outcome of this animal cell losing water
Crenated
Name four types of movement across a plasma membrane
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis (will only know this after L10)
Name the structure of the plasma membrane which diffusion occurs through
Directly through the phospholipid bilayer (gaps between them)
Name the structure of the plasma membrane which facilitated diffusion occurs through
Protein channel
Name the structure of the plasma membrane which active transport occurs through
Protein pump
Give the properties of a particle that can diffuse into a cell
Small and/or uncharged e.g. oxygen or carbon dioxide
Give the properties of a particle that will move into a cell by facilitated diffusion or active transport (depending on concentration gradient)
Big and/or charged e.g. glucose or mineral ions such as calcium
Define diffusion
Net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration down a concentration gradient.
Name two specialised plant cells
Root hair cell
Palisade cell
