Cells and movement across membranes

Question 1

Name 5 organelles present in an animal cell

Answer 1

Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondrion
Cytosol
Plasma membrane

Question 2

Name the structures found in a prokaryotic cell

Answer 2

Plasma membrane
Cell wall
cytosol
single circular chromosome
ribosome

Question 3

State the function of the single circular chromsome

Answer 3

made of DNA which controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

Question 4

Name the components of the plasma membrane

Answer 4

Phospholipid bilayer (2 layers of phospholipids)
Protein channel
Protein pump

Question 5

Name 2 specialised animal cells that would require a lot of mitochondria

Answer 5

Sperm cell
Muscle cell

Question 6

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 6

the net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration, down a concentration gradient, through a protein channel

Question 7

Define active transport

Answer 7

the net movement of particles from a low concentration to a high concentration, against a concentration gradient, through a protein pump, using ATP.

Question 8

Describe what type of particles can cross the plasma membrane by diffusion.

Answer 8

Small and uncharged. This means that they can fit between the gaps of the phospholipid bilayer and move through the phospholipid bilayer directly.

Question 9

Name the organelles that would be found in a plant cell but not an animal cell

Answer 9

Permanent vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

Question 10

Describe the function of the nucleus

Answer 10

Contains DNA which controls cellular function by coding for proteins

Question 11

Describe the function of the plasma cell membrane

Answer 11

Regulates the inputs and outputs of the cell

Question 12

Describe the function of the cytosol

Answer 12

Fluid part of the cell where some chemical reactions occur

Question 13

Describe the function of the ribosomes

Answer 13

site of polypeptide synthesis

Question 14

Describe the function of the mitochondria

Answer 14

Site of aerobic cellular respiration

Question 15

Describe the function of the chloroplast

Answer 15

Site of photosynthesis

Question 16

Describe the function of the permanent vacuole

Answer 16

stores cell sap

Question 17

Describe the function of the cell wall

Answer 17

Provides structure and support to the cell

Question 18

Net,From,Through,To

Define Osmosis

Answer 18

The net movement of water from an area of high concentration through a partially permeable plasma membrane to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient.

Question 19

State three features of an exchange surface

Answer 19

Short diffusion distance
Large surface area – more membrane for diffusion to occur across
Good blood supply to maintain concentration gradient

Question 20

State the outcome of this plant cell gaining water

Answer 20

Turgid

Question 21

State the outcome of this plant cell losing water

Answer 21

Plasmolysed

Question 22

State the outcome of this animal cell gaining water

Answer 22

Lyses

Question 23

State the outcome of this animal cell losing water

Answer 23

Crenated

Question 24

Name four types of movement across a plasma membrane

Answer 24

Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis (will only know this after L10)

Question 25

Name the structure of the plasma membrane which diffusion occurs through

Answer 25

Directly through the phospholipid bilayer (gaps between them)

Question 26

Name the structure of the plasma membrane which facilitated diffusion occurs through

Answer 26

Protein channel

Question 27

Name the structure of the plasma membrane which active transport occurs through

Answer 27

Protein pump

Question 28

Give the properties of a particle that can diffuse into a cell

Answer 28

Small and/or uncharged e.g. oxygen or carbon dioxide

Question 29

Give the properties of a particle that will move into a cell by facilitated diffusion or active transport (depending on concentration gradient)

Answer 29

Big and/or charged e.g. glucose or mineral ions such as calcium

Question 30

Define diffusion

Answer 30

Net movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration down a concentration gradient.

Question 31

Name two specialised plant cells

Answer 31

Root hair cell
Palisade cell