Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Aim of cellular respiration

A

Refers to the biochemical pathways that release energy from glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Energy from glucose

A

Energy released from glucose through cellular respiration is used to generate the coenzyme ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens when a cell needs energy?

A

High Energy bond in ATP is broken and the phosphate is removed, releasing the energy stored in the bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Catabolic

A

Larger/complex compounds are broken down into simpler ones. Energy is also released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exergonic

A

When energy is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ADP to ATP

A

Cells can store excess energy by adding an Pi to the ADP, storing the energy in the bond, forming ATP once again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anabolic

A

Smaller compounds make larger compounds. Energy is needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Endergonic

A

When energy is required or is stored in a bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

NAD+

A

-> A coenzyme
-> Is a energy carrier
-> In ETC, NADH –> NAD+ and the energy released are used in the formation of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

FAD/FADH2

A

-> A coenzyme
-> Energy carrier
-> In Krebs: FAD ->FADH2
-> In ETC: FADH2 –> FAD and the released energy is used to make ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 types of Cellular respiration

A
  • Anaerobic (oxygen absent )
  • Aerobic (oxygen present)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Aerobic Respiration

A
  • Glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen and is produces CO2 and H2O
  • Includes Krebs and ETC ( both occur in mitochondria )
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A
  • Products formed depend on the type of organism this process occurs within.
  • Plants and yeast carry out Alcohol fermentation:
    glucose –> ethanol + CO2 + 2 ATP
  • Animal carry out lactic acid fermentation
    glucose –> lactic acid + 2 ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Glycolysis- Anaerobic

A
  • Location: Cytosol of the cell
    -Break down the large glucose molecules into 2 smaller molecules (Pyruvate)
    Inputs: Glucose, 2 NAD+, 2 ADP + Pi
    Outputs: 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, Net of 2 ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pyruvate Oxidation

A
  • Pyruvate are transported by Active Transport to the fluid matrix of the mitochondria
  • Pyruvate –> 2 Acetyl CoA
  • 2 NADH are produced and CO2 (Waste)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Krebs Cycle- Aerobic

A
  • Location: Fluid matrix of the mitochondrion
  • Is a series of biochemical reactions, each catalysed by a different enzyme

Inputs: 2 Acetyl-CoA, 2ADP+Pi, 2 NAD+, 2FAD+
Outputs: 2 ATP, 2NADH, 2FADH, 4CO2

  • Contains many ribosomes due to the large number of enzymes required for the Krebs cycle
17
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A
  • Location: Inner membrane of the mitochondria, the (cristae)
  • Overall purpose is to transport protons ( H+ ions) and electrons across a membrane (cristae) as a system for generating ATP
    Inputs: NADH, FADH2, ADP + Pi, O2
    Outputs: NAD+, FAD+, 26 OR 28 ATP, H2O
  • The more cristae there are, the more surface area there s available for carrying out the reactions of the electrons transport chain
18
Q

Aerobic Respiration Equation

A

C6H12O6 +6O2 –> 6CO2 +6H2O + 30 OR 32 ATP

19
Q

What makes up the ETC

A

In the inner membrane of mitochondria, there are protein complexes including enzymes and cytochromes which are embedded. They form an interconnected series.

20
Q

Number of ATP produced for each stage

A

Glycolysis: 2 ATP
Krebs: 2 ATP
ETC: 26 or 28 ATP
Total Aerobic Yield: 30 or 32 ATP

21
Q

Anaerobic Respiration

A
  • Is far less efficient than aerobic cellular respiration
  • Begins with the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate forming 2 ATP
22
Q

Lactic Acid Fermentation

A

Location: Cytoplasm
- Through glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate further broken down into lactic acid
Inputs: ADP + Pi, Glucose, NAD+
Outputs : 2 ATP, NAD+ , Lactic Acid

23
Q

Ethanol Fermentation

A

Location: Cytosol
- Through glycolysis, glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate further broken down into ethanol and CO2
Inputs: ADP + Pi, Glucose, NAD+
Outputs: 2 ATP, NAD+, Ethanol, CO2

24
Q

Temperature affecting cellular respiration

A
  1. Temperature: When temp is below opt there is low kinetic energy= low cellular respiration = enzymes become inactivated due to lose of flexibility in the bonds at the active site making it unable to bind to substrates
    –> Optimal temp is when max rate of cellular respiration
25
Q

Glucose availability affecting cellular respiration

A

–> All chemical reactions are limited by the concentration of reactants
–> Glucose is the substrate for glycolysis, therefore the availability of glucose will affect the rate at which this first occurs.
Increased glucose availability = increased rate of cellular respiration

26
Q

Oxygen Concentration affecting cellular respiration

A

-> If oxygen availability is low = rate will decrease
–> When oxygen concentration is low, cells stop aerobic and begin anaerobic cellular respiration
–> HIgh oxygen concentrations will increase the rate of aerobic respiration and decrease the rate of anaerobic respiration

Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions