Cellular respiration Flashcards
what are the 3 stages of respiration?
glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain
what is glycolysis?
the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate.
describe the energy investment phase.
the first stage of glycolysis uses 2 ATP. ATP is required for the phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase. This leads to the generation of more ATP during the energy pay-off stage and results in a net gain of ATP.
what is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis
2 ATP
what happens to pyruvate in aerobic conditions?
In aerobic conditions pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyl coenzyme A.
In the citric acid cycle the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with what to produce what
they combine with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
how is ATP generated in the citric acid cycle?
when citric is gradually converted back to oxaloacetate through lots of enzyme controlled steps, and its these enzyme controlled steps that generate ATP. (also releases co2)
where does the citric acid cycle occur?
in the matrix of the mitochondria
what is dehydrogenase and what does it do?
its an enzyme that removes the hydrogen ions and electrons and passes them to the coenzyme NAD forming NADH
what happens to the hydrogen ions and electrons when they are passed on to form NADH
The hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH are passed to the electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane.
what is the electron transport chain?
the electron transport chain is a series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane.
what happens in the electron transport chain?
electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, releasing energy.
what is allowed to happen due to the energy produced through the electron transport chain?
This energy allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The flow of these ions back through the membrane protein ATP synthase results in the production of ATP.
what happens at the very end of the electron transport chain?
hydrogen ions and electrons combine with oxygen to produce water
what does ATP do in the transfer of energy
ATP is used to transfer energy to cellular processes which require energy
