Cellular Reproduction (Mitosis/Asexual, Meiosis/Sexual, Cell Cycle)

Question 1

How many chromosomes are in a human cell?

Answer 1

46 (23 pairs)

Question 2

What are the four main stages of mitosis?

Answer 2

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 3

Three steps of cell division?

Answer 3

Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 4

Stages of interphase?

Answer 4

G1 - Growth, S - DNA synthesis (DNA in the chromatin is duplicated), G2 - synthesis of organelles; interphase sometimse include G0 (where the cell is not dividing or duplicating, basically a state of uselessness; cells in G0 can rejoin and move onto G1 though)

Question 5

Prophase of Mitosis (First stage)

Answer 5

Nucleolus disappears and chromatin condenses into chromosomes; each chromosome has two chromatids connected by a centromere; spindle fibers on opposite ends of the cell (formed in centromere) and the nuclear membrane fades

Question 6

Metaphase of Mitosis (Second Stage)

Answer 6

Spindle fibers connect to the centromeres of the chromosomes and align them across the equator of the cell (middle line of cell)

Question 7

Anaphase of Mitosis (Third stage)

Answer 7

Spindle fibers pull the chromosome apart into sister chromatids (which are pulled to opposite sides of the cell); the chromatids (now called daughter chromosomes), reach the poles and stop moving

Question 8

Telophase (Last stage)

Answer 8

Nuclear membrane forms again around EACH set of daughter chromosomes; nucleolus reappears in each nucleus; daughter chromosomes unwind back into chromatin

Question 9

Cytokinesis (happens right after Mitosis)

Answer 9

After mitosis, two identical nuclei are formed; the cell divides into two daughter cells (each with complete copy of parents’ DNA)

Question 10

Interphase of Meiosis

Answer 10

Preparing for division: G1 - cell grows and synthesizes mRNA and proteins, S - chromosomes copied, G2 - synthesizes proteins and gorws in size