Cellular Reproduction

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

• 46 chromosomes - diploid
• 5 stages
• produces somatic cells (human body cells)
• 2 identical daughter cells
• single division of nucleus

Question 2

Meiosis

Answer 2

• 24 chromosomes - haploid
• 8 stages
• produces gamete cells
• 4 different daughter cells
• two divisions of nucleus
• Crossing over occurs

Question 3

What are the components of chromosomes?

Answer 3

DNA and proteins

Question 4

Cell reproduction is important because…

Answer 4

• needed to maintain living organisms
• important in the growth of organisms
• vital for organismal reproduction

Question 5

Asexual reproduction

Answer 5

• Reproduce by dividing in half
• offspring are genetically identical to parent

Question 6

Sexual reproduction

Answer 6

• Requires gamete cells
• after fertilization, new diploid zygote formed

Question 7

Cell Cycle

Answer 7

• when cell first formed to when cell divides into daughter cells
• Interphase & Mitotic

Question 8

Interphase

Answer 8

*Cell grows and DNA replicates
* G1, S, G2

Question 9

Mitotic phase

Answer 9

• mitosis in the production of somatic cells
• meiosis in the production of gamete cells

Question 10

Meiosis - Prophase

Answer 10

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes, nucleolus disappears and spindle attach to sister chromatids

Question 11

Meiosis - Metaphase

Answer 11

Chromosomes align along metaphase plate

Question 12

Meiosis - Anaphase

Answer 12

Sister chromatids move to the opposite ends

Question 13

Meiosis - Telophase / Cytokinesis

Answer 13

• Chromosomes unwind into chromatin, nuclear membrane reforms, nuclei reappears
• leaves cell in two

Question 14

Animal cell division - cytokinesis

Answer 14

Cleavage Furrow

Question 15

Plant cell division - cytokinesis

Answer 15

Cell Plate

Question 16

Stem Cells

Answer 16

• immortal, can divide indefinitely
• repair damage within the body

Question 17

Telomerase

Answer 17

Enzyme which is able to repair telomeres

Question 18

Oncogene

Answer 18

Mutation occurs which causes tumor development

Question 19

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 19

• same size and same genes, differ in alleles

Question 20

Summarize the process!

Answer 20

Gametes are haploid cells (haploid sperm and haploid egg) , unie during fertilization, create diploid cell called zygote, which grows by mitosis into new offspring

Question 21

Meiosis I

Answer 21

Separation of homologous pairs

Question 22

Meiosis II

Answer 22

Daughter cells from Meiosis I, s

Question 23

Crossing Over

Answer 23

• Occurs in prophase I
• Increases amount of genetic variation

Question 24

Genome

Answer 24

Cell’s complete complement of DNA

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

Holds DNA

Question 25

Cancer is caused by

Answer 25

Uncontrolled cell division or mitosis

Question 26

G0 phase

Answer 26

inactive state, not preparing to divide

Question 27

Daughter cells must be identical to parent cells otherwise

Answer 27

Mistakes in the duplication or distribution of the chromosomes will cause mutation

Question 28

Cell cycle checkpoints

Answer 28

To prevent a compromised cell from continuing to divide

Question 29

Recombinant Sister Chromatid

Answer 29

Combination of maternal and paternal genes that did not exist before the crossover

Question 30

DNA Synthesis occurs during

Answer 30

Mitosis & Meiosis - S phase interphase

Question 31

Synapsis of homologous chromosomes occurs during

Answer 31

Mitosis - Doesnt occur Meiosis - Prophase I

Question 32

Crossover occurs during

Answer 32

Mitosis - Doesnt occur Meiosis - Prophase I

Question 33

Homologous chromosomes line up at metaphase plate occurs during

Answer 33

Mitosis - Doesnt occur Meiosis - Metaphase I

Question 34

Sister chromatids line up at metaphase plate occurs during

Answer 34

Mitosis - Metaphase Meiosis - Metaphase II

Question 35

How many daughter cells produced at the end of both processses?

Answer 35

Mitosis - two diploid Meiosis - four haploid

Question 36

Euploid

Answer 36

22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Question 37

In which phase of the cell cycle does a cell synthesize proteins to be used in cell division?

Answer 37

G2

Question 38

Which of the following is one way that mitosis and meiosis are similar?

Answer 38

Both are preceded by DNA replicated in S phase

Question 39

Which process is accomplished via a cleavage furrow?

Answer 39

Cytokinesis in animal cells

Question 40

Which of the following can result from uncontrolled, unregulated cell division by mitosis?

Answer 40

A neoplasm

Question 41

Which of the following may result from nondisjunction?

Answer 41

A trisomy

Question 42

Which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur in, and what is the result of the crossing over process?

Answer 42

Prophase I - recombinant chromosomes

Question 43

Which of the following increases genetic diversity in sexual reproduction?

Answer 43

The fusion of two haploid gametes

Question 44

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between meiosis and sexual reproduction?

Answer 44

Meiosis produces haploid gametes which are necessary for sexual reproduction to occur.

Question 45

In which phase of the cell cycle does cytokinesis occur?

Answer 45

M - Mitotic

Question 46

In which of the following processes does a cell plate form?

Answer 46

Cytokinesis - plant cell

Question 47

In which stage of meiosis are the homologous chromosomes separated?

Answer 47

Anaphase I

Question 48

Which of the following describes homologous chromosomes?

Answer 48

They have the same genes at the same loci, but can contain different alleles