cellular processes core questions Flashcards
name the 7 life processes (MRS GREN)
Movement
respiration
sensitivity
growth
reproduction
excretion
nutrition
what does the M mean in MRS GREN
organisms ability to move
What does the first R mean in MRS GREN
an organisms ability to respire to make energy
what does the S mean in MRS GREN
an organisms ability to feel
what does the G mean in MRS GREN
an organisms ability to grow in mass and height
what does the second R mean in MRS GREN
an organisms ability to reproduce
what does the E mean in MRS GREN
an organisms ability to get rid of waste
what does the N mean in MRS GREN
an organisms ability to get nutrients from food
define organ
a group of tissues working together for specific functions
define tissue
a group of cells working together for specific functions
what is a cell
the simplest unit of living things
state the 5 sub-cellular organelles in an animal cell
cell membrane
mitochondria
nucleus
cytoplasm
ribosomes
state the 8 sub-cellular organelles in a plant cell
nucleus
cell wall
cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosomes
chloroplasts
vacuole
state the function of the nucleus
stores DNA and controls the functions of the cell
state the function of the cell membrane
controls what enter and leaves the cell
state the function of the cytoplasm
where chemical reactions take place
state the function of the mitochondria
power house of the cellllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
where aerobic respiration takes place
state the function of the chloroplast
absorbs light for photosynthesis
state the function of red blood cells
to carry oxygen around the body
state 3 adaptations of the root hair cell
large surface area
lots of mitochondria
large vacuole
state the function of palisade celllllls
lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis
state the function of root hair cells
absorbs water and minerals from the soil
reorder the following in size order:
organ cell tissues organelles organ system organisms
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organisms
name 6 organ systems in the body
skeletal system
circulatory
nervous
muscular
respiratory
digestive
what is respiration
a chemical reaction which uses glucose and oxygen to release energy
give the unit for energy
joule (J)
why are kilojoules used on food labels
a lot of energy is available from most foods
what two structures change the pressure inside the chest cavity to ventilate lungs?
intercostal muscles and diaphragm
what is the word equation for photosynthesis
water + carbon dioxide -> glucose + oxygen
where does photosynthesis occur in the call
chloroplast
what is photosynthesis
building glucose from carbon dioxide and water using light (used as food for the plant)
name 3 things that can affect the rate of photosynthesis
carbon dioxide concentration
temperature
light density
name 3 organs in plants
stem
leaves
roots
what is respiration
a chemical reaction which uses glucose and oxygen to release energy
give the equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> water + carbon dioxide + ENERGY
why is it important for the lungs to have a rich blood supply
maintain a steep concentration gradient for efficient diffusion
what is the name for respiration with oxygen
aerobic
what is ventilation
breathing
what are the tiny air sacks in the lungs called
alveoli
where does respiration happen
mitochondria
what is anaerobic respiration
respiration without oxygen
what substance is produced in our muscles when we respire anaerobically
lactic acid
which substances are produced when yeast respires anaerobically
ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide
name 6 main structures of the respiratory system
mouth
nose
trachea
bronchioles
bronchus
alveoli
state 3 ways lungs are adapted for gas exchange
thin walls
good blood supply
moist walls
define diffusion
when particles move from a high concentration to a low concentration
which gas diffuses from the alveoli (lungs) into the blood
oxygen
which gas diffuses from the blood in to the alveoli (lungs)
carbon dioxide
which chemical enables red blood cells to carry around oxygen in the body
haemoglobin
what does exercise cause to increase
heart rate
breathing rate
tidal volume
