Cellular Patterns in CNS

Question 1

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglial cells are these type of cells

Answer 1

Neuroglial cells

Question 2

Neurons can be highlighted with this on IHC stain

Answer 2

Neurofilament

Question 3

This is the condensation of chromatin in a cell’s nucleus, which is seen at 6-12 hours after acute neuronal injury

Answer 3

Nuclear pyknosis

Question 4

Nuclear pyknosis is seen with acute or chronic CNS injury?

Answer 4

Acute (e.g. ischemia)

Question 5

What does “dead red” refer to? (morphologically)

Answer 5

Dead neurons that appear red (due to a lack of Nissl bodies and a degraded nucleus)

Question 6

Are dead reds (dead neurons) seen in acute or chronic neuronal injury?

Answer 6

Acute only

Question 7

This is a reactive process in the CNS characterized by the proliferation and activation of glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes

Answer 7

Gliosis

Question 8

Lewy bodies are abnormal protein deposits found in the brains of people with certain neurodegenerative diseases, and are primarily composed of this protein

Answer 8

Alpha-synuclein

Question 9

Accumulation of abnormal proteins like tau, alpha-synuclein, and Hungtingtin are seen in acute or chronic neuronal injury?

Answer 9

Chronic

Question 10

Astrocytes are positive for this IHC marker

Answer 10

GFAP

Question 11

GFAP is an IHC marker for this type of cell

Answer 11

Astrocytes

Question 12

The processes of these cells interact with vessels and forms the blood brain barrier

Answer 12

Astrocytes

Question 13

These cells in the CNS respond to injury and serve a repair function

Answer 13

Astrocytes

Question 14

Astrocytes accumulate cytoplasmic filaments (Rosenthal fibers) in acute or chronic neuronal injury?

Answer 14

Slow chronic injury

Question 15

Alzheimer type II astrocytes are seen with this

Answer 15

Hyperammonemia (liver and kidney disease)

Question 16

Alzheimer type II astrocytes are seen with hyperammonemia, which occurs with disease to these 2 organs

Answer 16

Liver and kidney disease

Question 17

These are the myelinating cells of the CNS

Answer 17

Oligodendrocytes

Question 18

Do Oligodendrocytes myelinate single or multiple neurons?

Answer 18

Multiple - up to 20
(damage to one Oligodendrocytes affects many neurons)

Question 19

Oligodendrocytes death releases this

Answer 19

Lipid
(leads to foamy microglia)

Question 20

Death of these cells results in lipid release

Answer 20

Oligodendrocytes

Question 21

Luxol Fast Blue is a stain that detects this

Answer 21

Myelin

Question 22

Injury to this cell type may result in observation of loss of myelin sheath on LFB (luxol fast blue) stain

Answer 22

Oligodendrocytes

Question 23

These are the phagocytic cells of the CNS

Answer 23

Microglia

Question 24

This microglial proliferation occurs in response to small areas of necrosis

Answer 24

Microglial nodules

Question 25

What cell type is responsible for neuronophagia?

Answer 25

Microglia

Question 26

Microglial response to injury that is a response to individual necrotic neurons

Answer 26

Neuronophagia

Question 27

These are seen as foamy cells within necrotic area of infarct or demyelinating disorders AKA Gitter cells

Answer 27

Microglia

Question 28

This occurs in a dead neuron after >6 hours, and describes a small and dark nucleus

Answer 28

Pyknosis

Question 29

This occurs in a dead neuron after >6 hours, and describes when the nucleus dissolves

Answer 29

Karyolysis

Question 30

Does nuclear pyknosis or karyolysis occur first in ischemia insult of a neuron?

Answer 30

Pyknosis, then karyolysis

Question 31

With ischemic insult, liquefactive necrosis and foamy cells are in the center, with this surrounding

Answer 31

Gliosis (astrocytes)

Question 32

With ischemic insult, is gliosis (astrocytes) found in the center or surrounding?

Answer 32

Surrounding

Question 33

Are microglia seen in neurodegenerative disorders before or after neuron death?

Answer 33

After

Question 34

Are inclusions (such as tau and synuclein) seen before or after neuron death from neurodegenerative disorders?

Answer 34

Before