Cellular Microbes

Question 1

Prokaryote

Answer 1

DNA is not contained within a nuclear
membrane. That is, there is no cell nucleus
eg Bacteria and Archaea

Question 2

Eukaryote

Answer 2

An organism with membrane bound organelles

eg Yeasts, Fungi and Protozoa

Question 3

Plasmid

Answer 3

Small circular pieces of DNA that are not part of the main chromosome.

Question 4

What is the main component of a bacterium cell wall?

Answer 4

peptidoglycan

Question 5

Describe the cell wall of a gram positive bacteria

Answer 5

Thick layer of peptidoglycan on the outside of surface of the cell wall

Question 6

Describe the cell wall of a gram negative bacteria

Answer 6

have a thinner layer of peptidoglycan, but it

is sandwiched between layers of other complex molecules.

Question 7

Glycocalyx

Answer 7

a layer of slimy, gelatinous material that is excreted on the outside of the cell wall

Question 8

How can a capsule help a bacteria?

Answer 8

Layer attached to outside of the cell wall to help stop being phagocytised (ingested)

Question 9

What structure gives bacteria motility

Answer 9

Flagella

Question 10

Endospores

Answer 10

thick walled structures that contain a copy of the chromosome and some of the cytoplasm. Endospores allow bacteria to survive in adverse conditions e.g. temperature extremes, dry environments, lack of nutrients.

Question 11

Binary fission

Answer 11

Reproduction whereby the parent splits into 2 halves producing 2 new cells

Question 12

Algae

Answer 12

Photosynthetic, eukaryotes

Question 13

2 stages of protozoan life cycle

Answer 13

The trophozoite stage – the motile, feeding, dividing stage

The cyst stage – non-motile, dormant, survival stage.

Question 14

2 examples of protozoa

Answer 14

Malaria, Giardia

Question 15

Examples of Fungi

Answer 15

Yeast, mould, Mushrooms

Question 16

Yeasts

Answer 16

Single celled, eukaryotic organisms