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ms jai nursing > CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION AND TISSUE LEVEL > Flashcards

CELLULAR LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION AND TISSUE LEVEL Flashcards

1
Q

Microscopic fundamental units of all
living things

A

cells

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2
Q

divides into two identical daughter
cells

A

cell division

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3
Q

What is the study of cells?

A

Cell biology

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4
Q

The General structure of a cell

A
  1. Plasma Membrane
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Nucleus
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5
Q

It controls the cell

A

Nucleus

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6
Q

Normally the DNA is spread out
within the nucleus as a threadlike
matrix called______

A

chromatin

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7
Q

Humans have _______ pairs of
chromosomes

A

23

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8
Q

the boundary of the cell, sometimes called the plasma membrane

A

Cell Membranes

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9
Q

Cell Membranes the boundary of the cell, sometimes called the

A

plasma membrane

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10
Q

“selective permeability”

A

Cell Membranes

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11
Q

tiny finger like projections that increases the
cell’s surface

A

Microvilli

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12
Q

tightly stitched between the cells

A

Tight junction

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13
Q

proteins attachments between adjavent cells.

A

Desmosomes

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14
Q

narrow tunnel that directly connect the cytoplasm of two neighboring cells

A

Gap Junction

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15
Q

A gel like material with the cell
membrane

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

It is a fluid matrix, the cytosol
in which it consist of 80% to
90% water, salts, organic
molecules and many enzymes Cytosols

A

Cytoplasm

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17
Q

The “powerhouse of the
cell”

A

Mitochondria

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18
Q

They are occasionally
found attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum

A

Ribosomes

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19
Q

Plays an active role in the
complex process of protein
synthesis, where they
serve as the structures that
facilitates the joining of
amino acids

A

Ribosomes

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20
Q

Is a complex three dimensional internal
membrane system of flattened sheets,
sacs and tubes that plays an important
role in making proteins and shuttling
cellular products

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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21
Q

(without ribosomes)

A

Smooth ER

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22
Q

(with ribosomes)

A

Rough ER

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23
Q

functions in many metabolic processes
such as to produce and move lipids

A

Smooth ER

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24
Q

they attaches
polysaccharide groups to the polypeptides
as they are assembled by the ribosome

A

Rough ER

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25
Q

“packages” packages cellular products in
sacs called vesicles so that the products
can cross the cell membrane and exit the
cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

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26
Q

The central deliver system for the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus

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27
Q

It transports lipids and creates lysosomes
and organelles involved in digestion

A

Golgi Apparatus

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28
Q

Function to modify and package proteins
and lipids into vesicle

A

Golgi Apparatus

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29
Q

Sac like compartments that
contains a number of
powerful degradative
enzymes

A

Lysosome

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30
Q

Built in the golgi apparatus

A

Lysosome

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31
Q

Organelles in which oxygen is used
to oxidize substances, breaking
down lipids and detoxifying certain
chemical

A

Peroxisomes

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32
Q

They break down harmful
cell products and waste
materials, cellular debris
and foreign invaders

A

Lysosome

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33
Q

They self replicate by enlarging and
dividing

A

Peroxisomes

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34
Q

Common in liver and kidney cells
which break down potentially
harmful substances

A

Peroxisomes

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35
Q

Threadlike proteins that
make up the cytoskeleton

A

Cytoskeleton

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36
Q

Helps cells maintain their
shape and allows cells their
contents tp move

A

Cytoskeleton

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37
Q

The network is composed of
three elements

A

Microtublules
ntermediate filaments
microfilaments

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38
Q

This are rod like
structures composed
of 9 bundles that
contain three
microtubules each

A

Centrioles

39
Q

Many prokaryotes have________, allowing
them to move.

40
Q

they are present in single-celled
protozoans, where they beat in
synchrony to move the cells nimbly
through the water

41
Q

composed of extensions of the cell
membrane that contains microtubules

42
Q

what are the cell that connects body parts

A

Fibroblast
Erythrocyte

43
Q

type of cell
that contributes to the
formation of connective
tissue

A

Fibroblast

44
Q

carry oxygen
from the lungs and deliver
it throughout the body

A

Erythrocyte

45
Q

what cell that covers and lines body
parts

A

Epithelial cells

46
Q

what are the Cells that move organs and body
parts

A

Skeletal and smooth muscle

47
Q

what Cell that stores nutrient

A

Fat cell (Adipose)

48
Q

Cell that fight diseases

A

Macrophage( a phagocytic
cell)

49
Q

Cell that gathers information
and controls body functions

A

Nerve cell

50
Q

Cell of reproduction

A
  • Oocyte
  • Sperm
51
Q

This is the biological study
of the activities that take
place in a cell to keep it alive

A

Cell physiology

52
Q

The simplest method of
transport and is dependent
upon the concentration
gradient and the size of the
solute

A

Passive transport

53
Q

a passive transport
which tends to move from on
area of high concentration to
an area of low concentration
until the concentration is
equal

54
Q

Materials move across the plasma
membrane with the help of
membrane proteins.

A

Facilitated diffusion

55
Q

These proteins are called transport
proteins and can be channels or
carrier proteins

A

Facilitated diffusion

56
Q

channel proteins are transmembrane
proteins that folds in such way as to
form a channel or pore through the
membrane and each of these
channels is specific for one particular
substance

A

Facilitated diffusion

57
Q

The movement of water across a
semipermeable membrane

58
Q

This is a mechanism that
require the use of the cell’s
energy

A

Active
Transport
Processes

59
Q

a type of
active transport that
moves particles, such as
large molecules, parts of
cells and even whole
cells, into a cell.

A

Endocytosis

60
Q

Three types of
endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor endocytosis

61
Q

“cell eating”

A

Phagocytosis

62
Q

“cell drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

63
Q

A targeted variation of endocytosis
that employs receptor proteins in the
plasma membrane that have a specific
binding affinity for certain substances

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

64
Q

Cells also use ___________ to secrete
proteins such as hormoes,
nuerotransmitters or parts of the
extracellular matrix

A

exocytosis

65
Q

is the series
changes a cell goes through
from the time it is formed until
it divide

A

Cell life cycle

66
Q

The DNA molecules that form part
o the chromatin is duplicated
exactly

A

DNA
Replication

67
Q

This occurs toward the end of the
cell’s interphase period

A

DNA
Replication

68
Q

mRNA carries the _________
containing instructions for
protein synthesis from the DNA
gene in the nucleus to the
ribosome in the cytoplasm.

A

“message”

69
Q

Messenger and decoder

A

Role of RNA

70
Q

Group of cells that are similar in structure and function are called

71
Q

Lining, covering and
glandular tissue of the body

A

Epithelial Tissue/ Epithelium

72
Q

Protection, absorption,
filtration and secretion

A

Epithelial Tissue/ Epithelium

73
Q

Usually forms membranes where filtration or
exchange of substances by rapid diffusion occurs

A

Simple squamous epithelium

74
Q

Also forms serous membranes, or serosae that
slick membranes the tine the ventral body cavity
and cover the organ in the cavity

A

Simple squamous epithelium

75
Q
  • Common in glands and their ducts
  • Functions as absorption, secretion
    and protection
A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

76
Q
  • Goblet cells which produce a
    lubricating mucus
  • Lines the length of the digestive
    tract from the stomach to the anus
  • Functions in secretion, excretion
    and absorption
A

Simple columnar epithelium

77
Q

are tissues formed by
a single layer of cells that give
the appearance of being made
from multiple layers

A

Pseudostratified columnar
epithelia

78
Q
  • Most common type in body
  • The cells at the free edge are squamous cells
    whereas those close to the basement membrane
    are cuboidal or columnar
  • Esophagus, mouth and skin
A

Stratified squamous epithelium

79
Q

gland consists of one or more
cells that make and secrete a
particular product

A

Glandular Epithelium

80
Q

Connective tissues consist of living cells surrounded
by a

81
Q

Specialized connective tissue onsisting of cells, fibers
and ground substance. Unlike other connective
tissues, its extracellular components are mineralized
giving it substantial strength and rigidity

82
Q

Less hard and more flexible than bone

83
Q

forms the supporting structure of the
larynx

A

Hayaline cartilage

84
Q

forms the cushion like disks between the
vertebrae of the spinal column

A

Fibrocartilage

85
Q

is found where elasticity is desired, supports
the external ear

A

Elastic cartilage

86
Q

Softer and have more cells and fewer fibers than any other connective tissue except blood.

A

Loose connective tissue

87
Q

They are widely distributed connective tissue variety iin the body, it is soft, pliable tissue that cushions and protects the body organ it wraps

A

Areolar tissues

88
Q

Soft layer of areolar connective tissue is called the __________ underlies all mucous membranes

A

kamina propia

89
Q

it is an areolar tissue in which fat cells predominates

A

Adipose tissue

90
Q

Forms the subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin

A

Adipose tissue

91
Q

This consist of delicate network of interwoven reticular fibers associated with reticular cells which resemble a
fibroblast

A

Reticular connective tissue

92
Q

Highly specialized to contract or
shorten

A

Muscle Tissue

93
Q
  • Neurons, receive and conduct
    electromechanical impulses
    from one part of the body to
    another
  • Irritability and conductivity
A

Nervous tissue

94
Q

carries the message containing instructions for
protein synthesis from the DNA
gene in the nucleus to the
ribosome in the cytoplasm.

ms jai nursing (2 decks)

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