Cellular level Flashcards
How h2o levels in body influence thirst cycle
Water leaving body as exhaled air, sweat or urine trigger thirst response. Decrease in plasma volume ^ plasma osmolarity stimulates thirst center( hypothalamus)
Causes of edema
1. excess accumulation of water.** 2**. underlying med conditions- drugs, pregnancy, injury, allergic reaction. kidney damage, CHF
symptoms of edema
swelling sub q- ^ limb size, stretched tight skin, pulmonary edema, damage to blood vessels
Main route of water loss
- urine 2. kidneys 3. skin
Bicarbonate
tubular cells conserved not reabsorbed in kidney
Chloride
**predominant Extracellular anion
Hypo(na)tremia
**level of (sodium) in blood is too low- body is holding too much water
symptoms of ^ sodium
sweating vomiting, diarrhea, diabetes
CHF (symptoms)
Hypernatremia = ^sodium
hypo/hyperkalemia = potassium decreased or increased
Hypo/hyperchloremia= Chloride decreased/increased
6 most important electrolytes
sodium, potassium chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate
protein channel movement solutes
allow transport across membrane using less energy or **Weakly
6 ions for body function
sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate
dehydration
net loss of water= insufficient in blood & tissues.
caused by lack of water. Produce dark urine
PH too low
metabolic acidosis when bicarbonate is too low
alkalosis
elevated bicarbonate in excess>7.45
main fluid in the body
water
Plasma Osmolality
Measures the bodys electrolyte-water balance Hypothalamus maintains
prod by the pituitary gland
Respiratory systems effects on blood PH
When the ph of the blood decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood increase
most powerful buffer system in the body
Protein buffer system- control hgb in rbc, albumin-blood plasma
blood PH compensation sx of Respiratory origin
lungs can: elimination of carbonic acid by removing carbon dioxide
SOB occurs due to hyperventilation
**metabolic acid ^ **to drove off co2 readjust bicarbonate Metabolic acidosis ^
BLD PH compensation of Renal origin
Prominent acid-base regulatory organ* Kidneys can rid the body of metabolic acids preventing Met Acidosis
dihydroxy vit D
**active Vit D Req by intestinal epithelial cells for absorption of Calcium
Diuresis
**excess **prod of urine
intracellular fluid ICF
inside cells, principle component of cytoplasm 60%TW in human body
extracellular fluid ECF
1/3 t.w. of body 20% in plasma. Transports bld cells, protein(clotting)
electrolytes, nutrients, gases, waste. External cerebral spinal fluid, pericardial fluid, eye water
interstitial fluid
fluid in sm spaces between cells
hydrostatic pressure
pressure exerted by fluid against a wall caused by its own weight or pumping force
fluid compartment
**fluid inside cells of body **= compartment system. Segregated from other systems
