Cellular level

Question 1

How h2o levels in body influence thirst cycle

Answer 1

Water leaving body as exhaled air, sweat or urine trigger thirst response. Decrease in plasma volume ^ plasma osmolarity stimulates thirst center( hypothalamus)

Question 2

Causes of edema

Answer 2

1. excess accumulation of water.** 2**. underlying med conditions- drugs, pregnancy, injury, allergic reaction. kidney damage, CHF

Question 3

symptoms of edema

Answer 3

swelling sub q- ^ limb size, stretched tight skin, pulmonary edema, damage to blood vessels

Question 4

Main route of water loss

Answer 4

1. urine 2. kidneys 3. skin

Question 5

Bicarbonate

Answer 5

tubular cells conserved not reabsorbed in kidney

Question 6

Chloride

Answer 6

**predominant Extracellular anion

Question 7

Hypo(na)tremia

Answer 7

**level of (sodium) in blood is too low- body is holding too much water

Question 8

symptoms of ^ sodium

Answer 8

sweating vomiting, diarrhea, diabetes

Question 9

CHF (symptoms)

Answer 9

Hypernatremia = ^sodium
hypo/hyperkalemia = potassium decreased or increased
Hypo/hyperchloremia= Chloride decreased/increased

Question 10

6 most important electrolytes

Answer 10

sodium, potassium chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate

Question 11

protein channel movement solutes

Answer 11

allow transport across membrane using less energy or **Weakly

Question 12

6 ions for body function

Answer 12

sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate

Question 13

dehydration

Answer 13

net loss of water= insufficient in blood & tissues.
caused by lack of water. Produce dark urine

Question 14

PH too low

Answer 14

metabolic acidosis when bicarbonate is too low

Question 15

alkalosis

Answer 15

elevated bicarbonate in excess>7.45

Question 16

main fluid in the body

Answer 16

water

Question 17

Plasma Osmolality

Answer 17

Measures the bodys electrolyte-water balance Hypothalamus maintains
prod by the pituitary gland

Question 18

Respiratory systems effects on blood PH

Answer 18

When the ph of the blood decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood increase

Question 19

most powerful buffer system in the body

Answer 19

Protein buffer system- control hgb in rbc, albumin-blood plasma

Question 20

blood PH compensation sx of Respiratory origin

Answer 20

lungs can: elimination of carbonic acid by removing carbon dioxide
SOB occurs due to hyperventilation
**metabolic acid ^ **to drove off co2 readjust bicarbonate Metabolic acidosis ^

Question 21

BLD PH compensation of Renal origin

Answer 21

Prominent acid-base regulatory organ* Kidneys can rid the body of metabolic acids preventing Met Acidosis

Question 22

dihydroxy vit D

Answer 22

**active Vit D Req by intestinal epithelial cells for absorption of Calcium

Question 23

Diuresis

Answer 23

**excess **prod of urine

Question 24

intracellular fluid ICF

Answer 24

inside cells, principle component of cytoplasm 60%TW in human body

Question 25

extracellular fluid ECF

Answer 25

1/3 t.w. of body 20% in plasma. Transports bld cells, protein(clotting)
electrolytes, nutrients, gases, waste. External cerebral spinal fluid, pericardial fluid, eye water

Question 26

interstitial fluid

Answer 26

fluid in sm spaces between cells

Question 27

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 27

pressure exerted by fluid against a wall caused by its own weight or pumping force

Question 28

fluid compartment

Answer 28

**fluid inside cells of body **= compartment system. Segregated from other systems