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Veterinary Immunology > Cellular Innate Immunity (Chap 5, 13, 19) > Flashcards

Cellular Innate Immunity (Chap 5, 13, 19) Flashcards

1
Q

Phagocytosis

A

“eating by cells”

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2
Q

Where do all leukocytes originate

A

Bone marrow, (myeloid) stem cells

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3
Q

Neutrophil response in invading microorganisms

A

rapid response by eating the invading organisms
-incapable of sustained phagocytic effort.

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4
Q

Macrophages response in invading microorganism

A

move more slowly but are highly effecting phagocytes and capable of repeated phagocytosis

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5
Q

lobulated, irregular nucleus

A

polymorphonuclear

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6
Q

single, rounded nucleus

A

mononuclear

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7
Q

single, rounded nucleus

A

mononuclear

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8
Q

cells whose granules take up basic dyes such as hematoxylin

A

Basophils

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9
Q

Cells whose granules take up acidic dyes such as eosin

A

Eosinophils

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10
Q

Cells whose granules take up neither of the basic and acidic dyes are called?

A

Neutrophils

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11
Q

Cells that are polymorphonuclear granulocytes

A

-eosinophils
-neutrophils
-basophils

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12
Q

white blood cells that are mononuclear

A

monocytes
lymphocytes

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13
Q

neutrophils are sequestered in what organs?

A

capillaries within the ff:
liver, spleen, lungs, bone marrow

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14
Q

Neutrophil production is regulated by what cytokine

A

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

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15
Q

Mechanism in maintaining/ matching the rate of neutrophil production and removal

A

Apoptotic neutrophils are removed by macrophages.
Macrophages then produce interleukin-23. Once IL-23 increases, it then promotes IL-17 production by lymphocytes and the IL-17 in turn stimulates G-CSF production and stem cell activity.

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16
Q

Structure of Neutrophil

A

10 to 20 μm in diameter.
finely granulated cytosol at the center, irregular sausage-like or segmented nucleus.

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17
Q

three major types of enzyme-rich granules in neutrophil cytosol.

A
  1. Primary (azurophil) granules
  2. Secondary (specific) granules: contain lysozyme & collagenase
  3. Tertiary granules : gelatinase
18
Q

Three major types of lymphocyte and their roles.

A
  1. Innate lymphoid cells (innate immunity)
  2. T cells (regulate adaptive immunity and responsible for cell-mediated immune responses.)
  3. B cells (antibody production)
19
Q

Lymphocyte structure

A

7- 15 μm in diameter.
contains a single large round nucleus (stains intensely and evenly with hematoxylin stain.

20
Q

The pattern of a cell surface molecules expressed on a cell is called?

A

Phenotype

21
Q

Locations of lymphocytes within the body

A
  1. lymph nodes -40%
  2. spleen - 13%
  3. Other tissues - 25%
  4. Intestine - 10%
  5. Bone marrow - 10%
  6. Blood - 2 %
22
Q

B cells predominate in what areas of the body?

A

cortex of lymph nodes, follicles within the Peyer’s Patches, spleen, marginal zone of the white pulp of the spleen.

23
Q

a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes.
(human & mouse)

A

Cluster of Differentiation (CD)

24
Q

Protocol used in the identification of the cell surface molecules in domestic animals leukocytes that have no recognized homolog in human or mouse.

A

Workshop cluster (WC)
ex: BoWC1

25
Q

They don’t have antigen receptor like T and B cells, instead, they have germline encoded receptors that can bind to molecules expresses on healthy normal cells but dop not on diseased, abnormal cells

A

Innate Lymphoid cells

26
Q

receptors that are for MHC class II molecules on antigen-presenting cells, and is only found in helper T cells

A

CD4

27
Q

A protein receptor that is only expressed on T cells that attack and kill abnormal cells, cytotoxic T cells. Receptors for MHC class I molecules.

A

CD8

28
Q

-signaling triggers NK cell activation
- found on granulocytes, NK cells, macrophages

A

CD16

29
Q

CD32 (FcyRII)

A
  • found on B cells, dendritic cells, myeloid cells
30
Q

CD32 a

A
  • expressed on macrophages and neutrophils
  • activating receptor that promotes phagocytosis and triggers release of cytokines
31
Q

CD32b

A
  • B cells
  • inhibitory receptor and regulates antibody production
32
Q

are heterodimeric proteins formed by alpha and beta chains. they bind cells to extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, and collagen

A

Integrins

33
Q

The type of adherence molecule that regulates the emigration of lymphocytes from the bloodstream into tissues

A

Selectins
P- selectin (CD62P), L-selectin (CD62L), E-selectin (CD62E)

34
Q

The ligand for CD2

A

CD68

35
Q

The ligand for CD2

A

CD68

36
Q

are single-chain type I glycoproteins of 220 kDa belonging to the “scavenger receptor cysteine-rich” protein superfamily.

A

WC1

37
Q

Innate lymphoid cells that regulate the responses to the intestinal microbiota and play important roles in allergic disease, autoimmunity, and obesity

A

helper cells (ILC1)

38
Q

Innate lymphoid cells that serve as a first line of defense against viruses, some intracellular bacteria, fungi, and parasitic worms

A

NK cells (Natural killer cells)

39
Q

Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC)

A

defends against viruses, intracellular bacteria, parasites
-found in the intestinal mucosa (lamina propria)
- Antagonize type 2 responses

40
Q

Group 2 ILC

A

defends against helminths
- lung, skin, bone marrow, liver, mesenteric fat, small intestine
- Arise from lymphoid stem cells
1. GATA3
2. Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORa)

41
Q

Group 3 ILC

A

promotes immunity to intracellular bacteria
- gastrointestinal tract (lamina propria, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, appendix), lung
- RORyt as transcription factor
- also called as “Lymphoid tissue inducer cells (LTi)”

42
Q

are innate-like T cells that express both NK cell markets and a TCR of limited diversity.

A

NKT cells (Natural killer T cells)

Veterinary Immunology (3 decks)

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