Cellular Function Flashcards
What does the ER do?
- Protein synthesis
- lipid synthesis
- protein folding
- Ca+ storage
- Cisternae (flat sacs), tubules, and vescicles
- Divided into Luminal (cisternal) and Cytoplasmic (cytosolic) compartments
- Rough: protein modification and assembly
- Export from the cell (collagen and proteins)
- Smooth: abundant in cells that make lipids or steroids
- Glycogen metabolism
- Lipid synthesis
- Phospholipid synthesis
- Detoxification
- Steroidogenesis
- Ca+ regulation
What does the Golgi do?
stacks of disc-like compartments
• Trafficing
• Modifying carbs attached to glycoproteins and proteoglycans (a compound consisting of a protein bonded to glycosaminoglycan groups, present especially in connective tissue.)
• Synthesizing Poly and oligosaccharides as well as sphingomyelin and glycosphinolipids
• Sorting: Marking lysosomal enzymes w/ M6P (mannose)
• Packing and storing products in granules and vesicles
• Contains and cis (entry) and trans (exit) face
• Disassembles during division of cell, reassembles at interphase
- Vesicles are either Clathrin or COP coating
o Clath: from Golgi to lysosomes to exterior to lysosomes (things like cholesterol)
Seen in endo and exocytosis paths
• Endo- vesicles start at p membrane as clathrin coated pits (the necks are surrounded by Dynamin (ATPase acting as molecular scissors)
o COP: coat protein: moving products between Golgi stacks (COP1), and from ER to Golgi (COP2)
what do peroxisomes do?
synthesize and degrade Hydrogen Peroxide
B-ox of long chain fatty acids
bile acid and cholesterol synthesis
detoxify alcohol
What is lyonization?
: ‘X-inactivation’- one of female chromosomes in turned off (random)
What is Mosaicism?
2+ populations of cells with differing genos in an individual that develops for one fertilized egg
a condition in which cells within the same person have a different genetic makeup
