Carb Metabolism

Question 1

De Novo synthesis

Answer 1

gluconeogenesis in the liver

Question 2

GLUT1

Answer 2

high expression in RBCs…brain, cornea, placenta, and cancer- high affinity
low Km
unregulated

Question 3

GLUT2

Answer 3

liver and pancreas
low affinity
high Km 10mM
unregulated
Galactose, Glucose, and Fructose to and from bloodstream

Question 4

GLUT3

Answer 4

neurons (brain)
high affinity/low Km
unregulated
brain takes in glu well bc of affinity

Question 5

GLUT4

Answer 5

skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, heart
med affinity-5mM Km
regulated by insulin
sequestered in vesicles- promoted by exercise

Question 6

Phosphorylation of glu to G6P by hexokinase in all cells; glucokinase in liver/panceaticBcells

Answer 6

Regulatory step of glycolysis

Question 7

Phosphorylation of F6P to F1,6-BP by PFK1

Answer 7

Rate-limiting step of glycolysis

Question 8

Glycolysis
steps ATP consumed
steps NADH made
steps ATP made
net

Answer 8

1 and 3 irreverse
6
7 and 10 irreverse
net 2atp 2nadh

Question 9

F6P

Answer 9

promotes translocation to nucleus in glycolysis

Question 10

PFK1

Answer 10

rate limiting enzyme- glycolysis

inhibited by citrate from TCA and ATP

Question 11

What’s the difference btw a cofactor and coenzyme

Answer 11

factor= metal ions
enz= derived from vitamins

Question 12

type of coenzyme that permanantly associates (FAD or Heme)

Answer 12

Prosthetic

Question 13

Metal ions (cofactors)

Answer 13

Cu: cytochrome c oxidase, tyrosinase
Fe: heme, hydrogenperoxide metabolism
Mg: ATPases and Kinases
Zn: collogenase, Transcriptions factors, Carbonic anhydrase-co2 and bicarbonate

Question 14

Bone disease correlates with what enzyme?

Answer 14

alkaline phosphatase

Question 15

Obstructive liver disease correlates with what enzymes?

Answer 15

Sorbitol DH
Lactate DH (LDH5)

Question 16

Prostatic cancer related to what enzyme found free?

Answer 16

Acid phosphatase

Question 17

Acute pancreatitis relates to what enzyme?

Answer 17

Amylase

Question 18

Muscular dystrophy relates to what enzymes?

Answer 18

Aldolase and ASH

Question 19

Liver disorder relates to what enzyme?

Answer 19

CK-MM

Creatine Kinase

Question 20

Symptoms:
Fat malabsorption
Night blindness
Liver cirrhosis (scarring)
frequent infection

Answer 20

Vit A def (Retinol)

Question 21

What amino acids are 
a) ketogenic (TCA as CO2)
Both
b) glucogenic (glucose in gly)
c) essential
d) bcaas

Answer 21

Leu Lys
Ile, Trp, Phe, Tyr, Thr
the rest
PVT TIM HALL
Leu, Ile, Val

Question 22

GLUT5

Answer 22

Fructose uptake

Question 23

SGLT1

Answer 23

Glucose, Galactose, and Sodium uptake (ncx)

Question 24

Phe
Tyr
Asp
Which inter in TCA?

Answer 24

Fumarate

Question 25

Thr
Met
Ile
Val
Which inter in TCA?

Answer 25

Succinyl CoA

via Propionyl CoA (Vit B12)

Question 26

Gln
Pro
His
Arg
Which inter in TCA?

Answer 26

A-ketoglutarate

via Glutamate

Question 27

Asn
Asp
Which inter in TCA?

Answer 27

Oxaloacetate

Question 28

Which intermediate in TCA corresponds with Glucose formation (gluconeogensis)

Answer 28

Malate (and oxaloacetate)
via Malate Shuttle
to PEP–>Glu

Question 29

Which intermediates in TCA correspond with Lipid synthesis?

Answer 29

Citrate (which also inhibits PFK1 in glycol)

and Acetyl CoA

Question 30

Which intermediates in TCA corresponds with Amino Acid synthesis?

Answer 30

Alpha Ketoglutarate