Cellular Constituents of the Nervous System Flashcards
what is the most common type of neuron
- multipolar
where are bipolar neurons found
- peripheral ganglia
- retina
what type of neuron is described by an axon that has split into two branches; one branch runs to the periphery and the other to the spinal cord.
where is it found?
- pseudounipolar
- dorsal root ganglia
which cells lay down a basal lamina
importance of this
- Schwann cells
- helps axons regenerate
- axons regrow within the basal lamina tube
regulation of the extracellular fluid volume is dependent on the
problems with this can result in
- K+ and Na+ ionic gradients
- edema
crush injures versus nerve transections, which result in more accurate reinnervation
- crush injuries
what is the name of the clinical condition where regenerating axons reinnervate incorrect targets
- anomalous reinnervation
why can’t CNS neurons regenerate
- oligodendrocytes lack a basal lamina
- inhibitory factors released by glia deter reinnervation
which system CNS/PNS remyelinates
- CNS
what occurs when axon members acquire new voltage-gated Na+ channels in demyelinated regions to restore function
- molecular plasticity
what occurs when synapses are strengthened due to increased activity
- synaptic plasticity
what occurs when targets which become partially denervated can receive axon collaterals from the remaining axons to the denervated portion of the tissue
- plasticity
what occurs when new neurons are produced from undifferentiated progenitor cells
- neurogenesis
what moves in the anterograde direction in transport
- newly synthesized proteins
- organelles
- neurotransmitter precursors
what moves in the retrograde direction in transport
- molecules designed for degradation in lysosomes
- viruses
