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FIRST AID IMMUNOLOGY > Cellular Components > Flashcards

Cellular Components Flashcards

1
Q

Innate immunity COMPONENTS

A

Neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells (lymphoid origin), complement, physical epithelial barriers, secreted enzymes

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2
Q

Innate immunity MECHANISM

A

Germline encoded

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3
Q

Innate immunity RESISTANCE

A

Resistance persists through generations; does not change within an organism’s lifetime

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4
Q

Innate immunity RESPONSE TO PATHOGENS

A

Nonspecific
Occurs rapidly (minutes to hours)
No memory response

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5
Q

Innate immunity SECRETED PROTEINS

A

Lysozyme, complement, C-reactive protein (CRP), defensins

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6
Q

Innate immunity KEY FEATURES IN PATHOGEN RECOGNITION

A

Toll-like receptors (TLRs): pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and lead to activation of NF-κB. Examples of PAMPs include LPS (gram ⊝ bacteria), flagellin (bacteria), nucleic acids (viruses).

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7
Q

Adaptive immunity COMPONENTS

A

T cells, B cells, circulating antibodies

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8
Q

Adaptive immunity MECHANISM

A

Variation through V(D)J recombination during lymphocyte development

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9
Q

Adaptive immunity RESISTANCE

A

Microbial resistance not heritable

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10
Q

Adaptive immunity RESPONSE TO PATHOGENS

A

Highly specific, refined over time

Develops over long periods; memory response is faster and more robust

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11
Q

Adaptive immunity SECRETED PROTEINS

A

Immunoglobulins

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12
Q

Adaptive immunity KEY FEATURES IN PATHOGEN RECOGNITION

A

Memory cells: activated B and T cells; subsequent exposure to a previously encountered antigen p stronger, quicker immune response

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13
Q

MHC I LOCI

A

HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C

MHC I loci have 1 letter

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14
Q

MHC I BINDING

A

TCR and CD8

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15
Q

MHC I STRUCTURE

A

1 long chain, 1 short chain

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16
Q

MHC I EXPRESSION

A

All nucleated cells, APCs, platelets

Not on RBCs

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17
Q

MHC I FUNCTION

A

Present endogenously synthesized antigens (eg, viral or cytosolic proteins) to CD8+ cytotoxic T cells

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18
Q

MHC I ANTIGEN LOADING

A

Antigen peptides loaded onto MHC I in RER after delivery via TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing)

19
Q

MHC I ASSOCIATED PROTEINS

A

β2-microglobulin

20
Q

MHC II LOCI

A

HLA-DP, HLA-DQ, HLA-DR

MHC II loci have 2 letters

21
Q

MHC II BINDING

A

TCR and CD4

22
Q

MHC II STRUCTURE

A

2 equal-length chains (2 α, 2 β)

23
Q

MHC II EXPRESSION

A

APCs

24
Q

MHC II FUNCTION

A

Present exogenously synthesized antigens (eg, bacterial proteins) to CD4+ helper T cells

25
Q

MHC II ANTIGEN LOADING

A

Antigen loaded following release of invariant chain in an acidified endosome

26
Q

MHC II ASSOCIATED PROTEINS

A

Invariant chain

27
Q

A3 Disease

A

Hemochromatosis

28
Q

B8 Disease

A

ADDISON disease,
MYasthenia gravis,
GRAVEs disease

(don’t Be late(8), dr. ADDISON, or else you’ll send MY patient to the GRAVE)

29
Q

B27 Disease

A

Psoriatic arthritis,
Ankylosing spondylitis,
IBD-associated arthritis,
Reactive arthritis

(PAIR. Also known as seronegative arthropathies)

30
Q

DQ2/DQ8 Disease

A

Celiac disease

I ate (8) too (2) much gluten at Dairy Queen

31
Q

DR2 Disease

A

MULTIPLE sclerosis,
HAY fever,
SLE,
goodPASTURE syndrome

(MULTIPLE HAY PASTURES have DiRt)

32
Q

DR3 Disease

A 
diabetes mellitus type 1, 
SLE, 
graves disease, 
hashimoto thyroiditis, 
addison disease

(2-3, S-L-E)

33
Q

DR4 Disease

A

RHEUMatoid arthritis,
diabetes mellitus type 1,
addison disease

(There are 4 walls in a “rheum” (room).)

34
Q

DR5 Disease

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Hashimoto is an odd doctor (DR3, DR5).

35
Q

Natural killer cells

A

Use perforin and granzymes to induce apoptosis of virally infected cells and tumor cells

enhanced by IL-2, IL-12, IFN-α, and IFN-β

36
Q

B cells Major functions

A

Humoral immunity

Recognize antigen: undergo somatic hypermutation to optimize antigen specificity.

Produce antibody: differentiate into plasma cells to secrete specific immunoglobulins.

Maintain immunologic memory: memory B cells persist and accelerate future response to antigen

37
Q

T cells Major functions

A

Cell-mediated immunity.

CD4+ T cells help B cells make antibodies and produce cytokines to recruit phagocytes and activate other leukocytes.

CD8+ T cells directly kill virus-infected cells.

Delayed cell-mediated hypersensitivity (type IV).

Acute and chronic cellular organ rejection

38
Q

Positive selection

A

Thymic cortex. T cells expressing TCRs capable of binding self-MHC on cortical epithelial cells survive.

39
Q

Negative selection

A

Thymic medulla. T cells expressing TCRs with high affinity for self antigens undergo apoptosis or become regulatory T cells. Tissue-restricted self-antigens are expressed in the thymus due to the action of autoimmune regulator (AIRE); deficiency leads to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome-1

40
Q

Macrophage lymphocyte interaction

A

Th1 cells secrete IFN-γ, which enhances the ability of monocytes and macrophages to kill microbes they ingest. This function is also enhanced by interaction of T cell CD40L with CD40 on macrophages

41
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

Kill virus-infected, neoplastic, and donor graft cells by inducing apoptosis.

Release cytotoxic granules containing preformed proteins (eg, perforin, granzyme B).

Cytotoxic T cells have CD8, which binds to MHC I on virus-infected cells.

42
Q

Regulatory T cells

A

Help maintain specific immune tolerance by suppressing CD4 and CD8 T-cell effector functions.

Identified by expression of CD3, CD4, CD25, and FOXP3.

Activated regulatory T cells (Tregs) produce anti-inflammatory cytokines (eg, IL-10, TGF-β).

43
Q

IPEX (Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked) syndrome

A

genetic deficiency of FOXP3 pautoimmunity. Characterized by enteropathy, endocrinopathy, nail dystrophy, dermatitis, and/or other autoimmune dermatologic conditions. Associated with diabetes in male infants

FIRST AID IMMUNOLOGY (4 decks)

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