cellular biology Flashcards
3 components of cell theory?
• All living things are composed of cells
• All cells arise from pre-existing ones
• Cells are the smallest unit of life
Unicellular cells are…
single-celled organisms, asexual
Multicellular cells are…
organisms consisting of multiple cells, sexual and asexual (multicellar division is caused by growth or replacing dead cells rather than reproduction)
Characteristics of living things:
Mrs Gren (movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, nutrition)
Cell membrane…
controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell
The nucleus…
contains DNA/genetic material, regulates growth and metabolism
Cytoplasm…
gel like substance where all the other sub-cellular structures sit in, where chemical reactions take place
The mitochondria…
Provides cells with the energy needed to function, chemical energy produced by it stored in ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
The ribosomes…
Are the site of protein synthesis
The cell wall…
provides support and structure in plant cells
The permanent vacuole…
contains sap to keep plant cells turgid
The chloroplasts…
contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis
Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes:
One contains a nucleus, the other contains a neucleoid (free floating single strand of DNA)
Heterotrophs vs Autotrophs vs Saprotrophs:
Heterotrophs: Plants and other organisms as food (animals)
Autotrophs: Produces own food (plants)
Saprotrophs: Absorbed decaying matter as food (fungi and bacteria)
Units of distance in biology (nm, um, mm, m, km):
smaller unit -> larger unit = divide
larger unit -> smaller unit = multiply
