CELLULAR ADAPTATIONS Flashcards
Enumerate the the 7 cellular adaptation
-
Athropy
2.Metaplasia
3.DYSPLASIA
4.ANAPLASIA - NEOPLASIA
- HYPERTROPHY
- HYPERPLASIA
Acquired decrease in tissue or organ size
A. Pressure Atrophy
B.atrophy
C. HYPERPLASIA
Atrophy
Type of Atrophy that may develop or occur as a consequence of
maturation
A. Pressure Atrophy
B.hunger
C.physiologic atrophy
D. Pathologic Atrophy
Physiologic atrophy
- The atrophy ofthymus at puberty
2.The decrease in uterus size after childbirth
Are example of?
A. Physiologic Hypertrophy
B. Physiologic Atrophy
C. Compensatory hyperplasia
B. Physiologic atrophy
Persistent pressure on the organ or tissues may directly injure the cells or may secondarily promote diminution of blood supply.
A. Pathologic Atrophy
B. METAPLASIA
C. Pressure Atrophy
Pressure Atrophy
Vascular Atrophy may develop as a result of –?
A. Pathologic Atrophy
b. Pressure Atrophy
B. Pressure atrophy
Due to lack of nutritional supply to sustain normal growth
Hunger atrophy
Due to lack of hormones needed to maintain normal size and structure
A. Atrophy of Disease
B. Endocrine hyperplasia
C. Endocrine atrophy
Endocrine atrophy
Inactivity or diminished function
A. Atrophy of Disease
B. Physiologic Hypertrophy
C. Mesenchymal metaplasia
A. Atrophy of Disease
Too much workload can cause general wasting of tissues
Exhaustion Atrophy
→ Increase in tissue or organ size due to an increase in the number of cells
→ NO NEWCELLS ARE PRODUCED
A. HYPERTROPHY
B.METAPLASIA
C.HYPERPLASIA
A. Hypertrophy
Ex. skeletal muscles due to frequent exercise, may revert to normal by removing the stimulus
A.Physiologic hypertrophy
B. Physiologic Atrophy
C. Compensatory Hypertrophy
A.Physiologic hypertrophy
• May develop as response to a deficiency
• Occurs when one of the paired organs is removed
A, Compensatory Hypertrophy
B. Physiologic Hypertrophy
A, Compensatory Hypertrophy
Ex: 1.Renal Hypertrophy
A. Pathologic Hypertrophy
B. Compensatory Hypertrophy
B. Compensatory Hypertrophy
1.Hypertrophy of the myocardium due to hypertension
2. Aortic valve disease
These are example of what?
A. Compensatory hyperplasia
B.compensatory hypertrophy
C. Pathologic Hypertrophy
C. Pathologic hypertrophy
→ Increase in tissue or organ size due to an increase in the number of cells making up the organ
→ NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED
A. Hyperplasia
B.hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
A. Hyperplasia
- Increase in breast and uterus size during pregnancy
- Increase in breast size during puberty due to glandular stimulation
- Erythroid bone marrow
Are example of?
A. Physiologic hyperplasia
B. Compensatory hyperplasia
C.pathologic hyperplasia
A. Physiologic hyperplasia
Can be observed in Grave’s Disease
A.hyperplasia
B.pathologic hyperplasia
C.pathologic atrophy
B, pathologic hyperplasia
diffuse crowding of epithelial cells (increase of EC)
A. Pathologic hyperplasia
B.graves disease
C. Metaplasia
B. Grave’s disease
Endometrium due to excessive estrogen
A.pathologic hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C.pathologic metaplasia
A.pathologic hyperplasia
TRUE OR FALSE
Compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia both frequently occur together and is triggered by the same stimulus
True!
Considered as a REVERSIBLE PROCESS
A.atresia
B. Atrophy
C.hyperplasia
D. Metaplasia
D. Metaplasia
Adult to-Adult Cell Transformation
Metaplasia
2 types of metaplasia
1.Mesenchymal metaplasia
2.Epithelial metaplasia
The cells involved in the transformation are Epithelial cells
Epithelial metaplasia
The cells involved in the transformation are Connective tissue cells
Mesenchymal metaplasia
Ciliated columnar epithelium of Bronchi + Cigarette Smoking=
What is the metaplastic tissue?
Squamous epithelium
Transitional epithelium of Bladder +Trauma of Bladder=
Squamous epithelium
Columnar glandular epithelium+ Vitamin A. deficiency=
Metastatic tissue
Squamous epithelial
Gastric Acidity may be triggered due to drinking coffee.
What is the original tissue?
Esophageal squamous epithelium
Esophageal squamous epithelium what will be the metastatic tissue?
Columnar Epithelium
Aka PRE-NEOPLASTIC LESION or ATYPICAL METAPLASIA
A. ANAPLASIA
B. NEOPLASIA
C. DYSPLASIA
C. DYSPLASIA
No transformation, only change in cell size. shape, and orientation (the arrangement of cells)
A. Anaplasia
B.dysplasia
B.dysplasia
→ A reversible process
→ May lead to cancer but not necessarily
A. NEOPLASIA
B. DYSPLASIA
C. NEOPLASIA
B. DYSPLASIA
Aka DE-DIFFERENTIATION
ANAPLASIA
Transformation of Adult cells to Embryonic or Fetal cells
ANAPLASIA
An irreversible process
A. Anaplasia
B.dysplasia
A. Anaplasia
NOT A CELLULAR ADAPTATION MECHANISM
A. Liquefactive Necrosis
B. Hypoxic
C. Neoplasia
Neoplasia
