Cellular Adaptations Flashcards
What determines the size of a cell population?
Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death by apoptosis.
What are increased cell numbers seen with?
Increased cell proliferation, decreased cell death.
What are the 4 important types of cell adaptation and briefly describe them.
Hyperplasia- cells increase in number, Hypertrophy- cells increase in size, Atrophy- cells become smaller, Metaplasia- cells are replaced by cells of a different type.
What two things can physiological hyperplasia be?
Hormonal- when the result is an increase in functional capacity. Compensatory- when there is an increase in tissue mass after tissue damage.
What are some causes of pathological atrophy?
Reduced workload, loss of inner at ion, decreased blood supply, inadequate nutrition, ageing, pressure.
Describe metaplasia.
Reversible change, one differentiated cell type is replaced by another cell type. Doesn’t occur in adult striated muscle cells or neurones.
What is aplasia?
The complete failure of a specific tissue or organ to develop.
What is hypoplasia?
The congenital underdevelopment, or incomplete development of a tissue or organ.
What is atresia?
The congenital imperforation of an opening.
What is reconstitution?
The replacement of a lost part of the body.
What is involution?
The normal programmed shrinkage of an organ
What is dysplasia?
The abnormal maturation of cells within a tissue.
