CELLULAR ACTIVITIES & MITOSIS Flashcards
Requires no energy, molecules move from high to low concentration
Simple diffusion
Is a passive process which means no energy is used to make the molecules move, they have a natural kinetic energy
Diffusion
A solution whose solute concentration is the same as the solute concentration inside the cell
(same sa labas and loob)
Isotonic
A solution whose solute concentration is lower outside than the solute concentration inside the cell
(marami sa loob kunti sa labas)
Hypotonic
A solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute inside the cell
(Marami sa labas, kunti sa loob)
Hypertonic
The direction of water movement is EQUILIBRIUM, water flow in both outside and outside
Cell in isotonic solution
The direction of water movement is going INSIDE the cell
Cell in hypotonic solution
The direction if water movement is GOING OUT of the cell
Cell in hypertonic solution
Cells in solution (ISOTONIC SOLUTION)
EQUAL amounts of water leaving and entering
Cells in solution
(HYPOTONIC SOLUTION)
Cytolysis
Cells in solution
(HYPERTONIC SOLUTION)
Plasmolysis
The destruction of a cell
Cytolysis
The shrinking of a cell
Plasmolysis
3 forms of transport across the membrane
• simple diffusion
• facilitated diffusion
• active transport
Doesnt require energy, moves from high to low concentration
Simple diffusion
Does not require energy, uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration
Facilitated diffusion
Requires energy or ATP, moves materials from low to high concentration
Active transport
Needs 3Na+ pumped in every 2K+ pumped out creates a membrane potential
Sodium - potassium pump
Types of active transport moving things OUT
Exocytosis
Types of active transport large molecules move materials into the cell
Endocytosis
3 forms of endocytosis
• Pinocytosis
• receptor - mediated
• phagocytosis
Most common form of endocytosis, cell forms an invagation (cell drinking)
Pinocytosis
Some integral proteins have receptor on their surface to recognize & take in hormones, cholesterol
Receptor - mediated
Used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria into vesicles (Cell eating)
Phagocytosis
The cell cycle consists of
•Interphase
• mitotic phase
Phase of cell division
Mitotic phase
Phase of a normal cell activity
Interphase
3 function of cell division
• reproduction
• growth and development
• tissue renewal
It is an integral part of the cell cycle
Cell division
Genetic information genome, package into chromosomes
DNA
How many chromosomes in human cells?
46 chromosomes
Chromosomes are composed of a complex of DNA and protein called?
Chromatin
An order visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell
Karyotype
Control different traits, look different
Non - homologous chromosomes
Distinct from each other in their characteristics represented by X and Y
Sex chromosomes
2 member of each pair are called?
Homologous chromosomes
Look the same, control the same traits
Homologues
Each one was inherited from a different parent
Independent origin
It is a constricted region of the chromosome conataining a specific DNA sequence
Centromere
2 bound disc of protein, serve as points of attachment for microtubules
Kinetochores
A cell possesing two copies of each chromosome
Diploid
A cell possesing a single copy of each chromosome
Haploid
Phases of the cell cycle
• interphase
• mitosis
• cytokinesis
3 stage of interphase
• G1 - primary growth
• S - genome replicated
• G2 - secondary growth
A nuclear envelope bounds the nucleus
G2 of interphase
The chromatin fiber become more tightly coiled, condensing into discrete chromosomes observable with a light microscope
Prophase
It is the longest stage of mitosis, lasting about 20 minutes
Metaphase
It is a shortest stage of mitosis, lasting only a few minutes
Anaphase
Two daughter nuclei begin to form in the cell
Telophase
Cleavage of a cell into two halves
Cytokinesis
