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Gen Bio (Midterm) > CELLULAR ACTIVITIES & MITOSIS > Flashcards

CELLULAR ACTIVITIES & MITOSIS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Requires no energy, molecules move from high to low concentration

A

Simple diffusion

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2
Q

Is a passive process which means no energy is used to make the molecules move, they have a natural kinetic energy

A

Diffusion

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3
Q

A solution whose solute concentration is the same as the solute concentration inside the cell

(same sa labas and loob)

A

Isotonic

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4
Q

A solution whose solute concentration is lower outside than the solute concentration inside the cell

(marami sa loob kunti sa labas)

A

Hypotonic

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5
Q

A solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute inside the cell

(Marami sa labas, kunti sa loob)

A

Hypertonic

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6
Q

The direction of water movement is EQUILIBRIUM, water flow in both outside and outside

A

Cell in isotonic solution

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7
Q

The direction of water movement is going INSIDE the cell

A

Cell in hypotonic solution

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8
Q

The direction if water movement is GOING OUT of the cell

A

Cell in hypertonic solution

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9
Q

Cells in solution (ISOTONIC SOLUTION)

A

EQUAL amounts of water leaving and entering

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10
Q

Cells in solution
(HYPOTONIC SOLUTION)

A

Cytolysis

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11
Q

Cells in solution
(HYPERTONIC SOLUTION)

A

Plasmolysis

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12
Q

The destruction of a cell

A

Cytolysis

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13
Q

The shrinking of a cell

A

Plasmolysis

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14
Q

3 forms of transport across the membrane

A

• simple diffusion
• facilitated diffusion
• active transport

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15
Q

Doesnt require energy, moves from high to low concentration

A

Simple diffusion

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16
Q

Does not require energy, uses transport proteins to move high to low concentration

A

Facilitated diffusion

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17
Q

Requires energy or ATP, moves materials from low to high concentration

A

Active transport

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18
Q

Needs 3Na+ pumped in every 2K+ pumped out creates a membrane potential

A

Sodium - potassium pump

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19
Q

Types of active transport moving things OUT

A

Exocytosis

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20
Q

Types of active transport large molecules move materials into the cell

A

Endocytosis

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21
Q

3 forms of endocytosis

A

• Pinocytosis
• receptor - mediated
• phagocytosis

22
Q

Most common form of endocytosis, cell forms an invagation (cell drinking)

A

Pinocytosis

23
Q

Some integral proteins have receptor on their surface to recognize & take in hormones, cholesterol

A

Receptor - mediated

24
Q

Used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria into vesicles (Cell eating)

A

Phagocytosis

25
Q

The cell cycle consists of

A

•Interphase
• mitotic phase

26
Q

Phase of cell division

A

Mitotic phase

27
Q

Phase of a normal cell activity

A

Interphase

28
Q

3 function of cell division

A

• reproduction
• growth and development
• tissue renewal

29
Q

It is an integral part of the cell cycle

A

Cell division

30
Q

Genetic information genome, package into chromosomes

A

DNA

31
Q

How many chromosomes in human cells?

A

46 chromosomes

32
Q

Chromosomes are composed of a complex of DNA and protein called?

A

Chromatin

33
Q

An order visual representation of the chromosomes in a cell

A

Karyotype

34
Q

Control different traits, look different

A

Non - homologous chromosomes

35
Q

Distinct from each other in their characteristics represented by X and Y

A

Sex chromosomes

36
Q

2 member of each pair are called?

A

Homologous chromosomes

37
Q

Look the same, control the same traits

A

Homologues

38
Q

Each one was inherited from a different parent

A

Independent origin

39
Q

It is a constricted region of the chromosome conataining a specific DNA sequence

A

Centromere

40
Q

2 bound disc of protein, serve as points of attachment for microtubules

A

Kinetochores

41
Q

A cell possesing two copies of each chromosome

A

Diploid

42
Q

A cell possesing a single copy of each chromosome

A

Haploid

43
Q

Phases of the cell cycle

A

• interphase
• mitosis
• cytokinesis

44
Q

3 stage of interphase

A

• G1 - primary growth
• S - genome replicated
• G2 - secondary growth

45
Q

A nuclear envelope bounds the nucleus

A

G2 of interphase

46
Q

The chromatin fiber become more tightly coiled, condensing into discrete chromosomes observable with a light microscope

A

Prophase

47
Q

It is the longest stage of mitosis, lasting about 20 minutes

A

Metaphase

48
Q

It is a shortest stage of mitosis, lasting only a few minutes

A

Anaphase

49
Q

Two daughter nuclei begin to form in the cell

A

Telophase

50
Q

Cleavage of a cell into two halves

A

Cytokinesis

Gen Bio (Midterm) (3 decks)

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