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Gen Bio (Midterm) > ANIMAL PRIMARY TISSUES > Flashcards

ANIMAL PRIMARY TISSUES Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are groups of similar cells carrying out related functions

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Complex animals have 4 primary types

A

• epithelial
• connective
• muscles
• nervous

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3
Q

The study of the structure and arrangement of tissues

A

Histology

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4
Q

Tissues covering the outside of organs and structures in the body and line the lumens of organs in a single layer or multiple layers of cells

A

Epithelial tissues

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5
Q

Epithelia composed of a single layer of cells

A

Simple epithelia

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6
Q

Epithelial tissue composed of multiple layers

A

Stratified epithelia

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7
Q

Cells are generally round flat, and have a small, centrally located nucleoid

A

Squamos Epithelia

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8
Q

Cells are cube - shaped with a single, central nucleus

A

Cuboidal Epithelia

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9
Q

Cells are taller than they are wide, they resemble a stack columns in an epithelial layer, and are most commonly found in a single layer arrangement.

These cells absorb material from lumen of digestive tract

A

Columnar Epithelia

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10
Q

Columnar epithelia line the respiratory tract.

A

Pseudostratified

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11
Q

Interspersed between the columnar epithelial cells secrete mucous into respiratory tract

A

Goblet cells

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12
Q

Appear only in the urinary system, primarily in the bladder and ureter

A

Transitional epithelia or uroepithelial

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13
Q

Connective tissues are made up of a matrix consisting of living cells and non - living substance

A

Ground substance

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14
Q

The principal cells of connective tissues

Are motile, able to carry out mitosis and can synthesize whichever connective tissue is needed

A

Fibroblast

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15
Q

Has a sampling of all of the components of a connective tissue

A

Loose / Areolar connective tissue

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16
Q

Contains large amount of collagen fibers and few cells or matrix material

A

Fibrous Connective tissue

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17
Q

Connective tissues are found in areas of the body where stress occurs from all directions, such as the dermis of the skin

A

Irregularly arranged fibrous

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18
Q

Is found in tendons (which connect muscles to bones) and ligaments (which connect bones to bones)

A

Regular fibrous connective tissue

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19
Q

It is a connective tissue with a large amount of matrix and variable amounts of fibers

A

Cartillage

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20
Q

Cells that make the matrix and fibers of the tissue

A

Chondrocytes

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21
Q

Are randomly scattered throughout the tissue and the matrix takes on a milky or scrubbed appearance with a routine histological stains

A

Lacunae

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22
Q

Are found at the ends of long bones, reducing friction and cushioning the articulations of these bones

Found in movable joints such as knee and shoulder

A

Hyaline cartilage

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23
Q

Has a large amount of elastic fibers, giving it tremendous flexibility

A

Elastic cartilage

24
Q

Contains a large amount of collagen fibers, giving the tissue tremendous strength

A

Fibrocartilage

25
Q

Is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material.

A

Bone

26
Q

Similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues including large amount of collagen and elastic fibers

A

Organic matrix

27
Q

Consists of mineral salts mostly calcium salts that give the tissue adequate inorganic material in the matrix, the tissue bends

A

Inorganic matrix

28
Q

3 types of cells in bone

A

• osteoblasts
• osteocytes
• osteoclasts

29
Q

Are found in lacunae of the bone

A

Osteocytes

30
Q

Are active in breaking down bone for bone remodeling, and they provide access to calcium stored in tissues

Usually found on the surface of the tissue

A

Osteoclasts

31
Q

Are active in making bone for growth and remodeling

A

Osteoblasts

32
Q

Bone can be divided into two types

A

• compact
• spongy

33
Q

Is found in the end (or epiphysis) of a long bone

A

Spongy bone

34
Q

Is found in the shaft (or diaphysis) of a long bone and the surface of the flat bone

A

Compact bone

35
Q

Is considered a connective tissue even though it does not have fibroblasts or a real matrix and only has a few fibers

A

Adipose tissue

36
Q

Is considered a connective tissue beacuse it has a matrix

A

Blood

37
Q

2 living cell types

A

• red blood cells (RBC) also called erythrocytes

• White blood cells (WBC) also called leukocytes

38
Q

The fluid portion of whole blood

A

Plasma

39
Q

The principal job is to carry and deliver oxygen to the tissues

A

Erythrocyte

40
Q

Are the predominant white blood cells found in the peripheral blood

A

Leukocytes

41
Q

Function primarily in the immune response to foreign antigens or material

A

Lymphocytes

42
Q

Different types of lymphocytes

A

• neutrophils
• monocytes
• platelets
• eosinophils and basophils

43
Q

Are phagocytic cells and they participate in one of the early lines of defense

A

Neutrophils

44
Q

Give rise to phagocytic macrophages that can clean up dead and damaged cells in the body

A

Monocytes

45
Q

Both help to facilitate the inflammatory response

A

Aesonophils and basophils

46
Q

Participate in the stages leading up to coagulation of the blood to stop bleeding through damaged blood vessels

A

Platelets

47
Q

3 types of muscle tissues

A

• smooth
• skeletal
• cardiac

48
Q

Does not have striations in its cells, it has a single centrally located nucleus

A

Smooth muscle

49
Q

Has a striations across its cells caused by the arrangement of the contractile proteins actin and myosin

A

Skeletal muscle

50
Q

Muscles found only in the heart

A

Cardiac muscle

51
Q

It assists in passing electrical impulse efficiently from one cell to the next and maintains the strong connection between neighboring cardiac cells

A

Intercalated disc

52
Q

Are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical impulses from specific areas of the body and to send them to specific locations in the body

A

Nervous tissues

53
Q

The main cell of the nervous system

A

Neuron

54
Q

Regulate the chemical environment of the nerve cells

A

Astrocytes

55
Q

Nerve consist of 2 types of cell

A

Neuron and glial cells

Gen Bio (Midterm) (3 decks)

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