ANIMAL PRIMARY TISSUES

Question 1

Are groups of similar cells carrying out related functions

Answer 1

Tissues

Question 2

Complex animals have 4 primary types

Answer 2

• epithelial
• connective
• muscles
• nervous

Question 3

The study of the structure and arrangement of tissues

Answer 3

Histology

Question 4

Tissues covering the outside of organs and structures in the body and line the lumens of organs in a single layer or multiple layers of cells

Answer 4

Epithelial tissues

Question 5

Epithelia composed of a single layer of cells

Answer 5

Simple epithelia

Question 6

Epithelial tissue composed of multiple layers

Answer 6

Stratified epithelia

Question 7

Cells are generally round flat, and have a small, centrally located nucleoid

Answer 7

Squamos Epithelia

Question 8

Cells are cube - shaped with a single, central nucleus

Answer 8

Cuboidal Epithelia

Question 9

Cells are taller than they are wide, they resemble a stack columns in an epithelial layer, and are most commonly found in a single layer arrangement.

These cells absorb material from lumen of digestive tract

Answer 9

Columnar Epithelia

Question 10

Columnar epithelia line the respiratory tract.

Answer 10

Pseudostratified

Question 11

Interspersed between the columnar epithelial cells secrete mucous into respiratory tract

Answer 11

Goblet cells

Question 12

Appear only in the urinary system, primarily in the bladder and ureter

Answer 12

Transitional epithelia or uroepithelial

Question 13

Connective tissues are made up of a matrix consisting of living cells and non - living substance

Answer 13

Ground substance

Question 14

The principal cells of connective tissues

Are motile, able to carry out mitosis and can synthesize whichever connective tissue is needed

Answer 14

Fibroblast

Question 15

Has a sampling of all of the components of a connective tissue

Answer 15

Loose / Areolar connective tissue

Question 16

Contains large amount of collagen fibers and few cells or matrix material

Answer 16

Fibrous Connective tissue

Question 17

Connective tissues are found in areas of the body where stress occurs from all directions, such as the dermis of the skin

Answer 17

Irregularly arranged fibrous

Question 18

Is found in tendons (which connect muscles to bones) and ligaments (which connect bones to bones)

Answer 18

Regular fibrous connective tissue

Question 19

It is a connective tissue with a large amount of matrix and variable amounts of fibers

Answer 19

Cartillage

Question 20

Cells that make the matrix and fibers of the tissue

Answer 20

Chondrocytes

Question 21

Are randomly scattered throughout the tissue and the matrix takes on a milky or scrubbed appearance with a routine histological stains

Answer 21

Lacunae

Question 22

Are found at the ends of long bones, reducing friction and cushioning the articulations of these bones

Found in movable joints such as knee and shoulder

Answer 22

Hyaline cartilage

Question 23

Has a large amount of elastic fibers, giving it tremendous flexibility

Answer 23

Elastic cartilage

Question 24

Contains a large amount of collagen fibers, giving the tissue tremendous strength

Answer 24

Fibrocartilage

Question 25

Is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material.

Answer 25

Bone

Question 26

Similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues including large amount of collagen and elastic fibers

Answer 26

Organic matrix

Question 27

Consists of mineral salts mostly calcium salts that give the tissue adequate inorganic material in the matrix, the tissue bends

Answer 27

Inorganic matrix

Question 28

3 types of cells in bone

Answer 28

• osteoblasts • osteocytes • osteoclasts

Question 29

Are found in lacunae of the bone

Answer 29

Osteocytes

Question 30

Are active in breaking down bone for bone remodeling, and they provide access to calcium stored in tissues Usually found on the surface of the tissue

Answer 30

Osteoclasts

Question 31

Are active in making bone for growth and remodeling

Answer 31

Osteoblasts

Question 32

Bone can be divided into two types

Answer 32

• compact • spongy

Question 33

Is found in the end (or epiphysis) of a long bone

Answer 33

Spongy bone

Question 34

Is found in the shaft (or diaphysis) of a long bone and the surface of the flat bone

Answer 34

Compact bone

Question 35

Is considered a connective tissue even though it does not have fibroblasts or a real matrix and only has a few fibers

Answer 35

Adipose tissue

Question 36

Is considered a connective tissue beacuse it has a matrix

Answer 36

Blood

Question 37

2 living cell types

Answer 37

• red blood cells (RBC) also called erythrocytes • White blood cells (WBC) also called leukocytes

Question 38

The fluid portion of whole blood

Answer 38

Plasma

Question 39

The principal job is to carry and deliver oxygen to the tissues

Answer 39

Erythrocyte

Question 40

Are the predominant white blood cells found in the peripheral blood

Answer 40

Leukocytes

Question 41

Function primarily in the immune response to foreign antigens or material

Answer 41

Lymphocytes

Question 42

Different types of lymphocytes

Answer 42

• neutrophils • monocytes • platelets • eosinophils and basophils

Question 43

Are phagocytic cells and they participate in one of the early lines of defense

Answer 43

Neutrophils

Question 44

Give rise to phagocytic macrophages that can clean up dead and damaged cells in the body

Answer 44

Monocytes

Question 45

Both help to facilitate the inflammatory response

Answer 45

Aesonophils and basophils

Question 46

Participate in the stages leading up to coagulation of the blood to stop bleeding through damaged blood vessels

Answer 46

Platelets

Question 47

3 types of muscle tissues

Answer 47

• smooth • skeletal • cardiac

Question 48

Does not have striations in its cells, it has a single centrally located nucleus

Answer 48

Smooth muscle

Question 49

Has a striations across its cells caused by the arrangement of the contractile proteins actin and myosin

Answer 49

Skeletal muscle

Question 50

Muscles found only in the heart

Answer 50

Cardiac muscle

Question 51

It assists in passing electrical impulse efficiently from one cell to the next and maintains the strong connection between neighboring cardiac cells

Answer 51

Intercalated disc

Question 52

Are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical impulses from specific areas of the body and to send them to specific locations in the body

Answer 52

Nervous tissues

Question 53

The main cell of the nervous system

Answer 53

Neuron

Question 54

Regulate the chemical environment of the nerve cells

Answer 54

Astrocytes

Question 55

Nerve consist of 2 types of cell

Answer 55

Neuron and glial cells