Cellular Flashcards
List the 20 important amino acids
(Ala) - Alanine
(Arg) - Arginine
(Asn) - Asparagine
(Asp) - Aspartic Acid
(Cys) - Cysteine
(Glu) - Glutamic Acid
(Gln) - Glutamine
(Gly) - Glycine
(His) - Histidine
(Ile) - Isoleucine
(Leu) - Leucine
(Lys) - Lysine
(Met) - Methionine
(Phe) - Phenylalanine
(Pro) - Proline
(Ser) - Serine
(Thr) - Threonine
(Trp) - Tryptophan
(Val) - Valine
Describe the overall structure of a standard Eukaryotic cell
- Surrounded by the plasma membrane which is made of the phospholipid bilayer.
- Inside the cell, organelles are located in the cytoplasm, a gel like liquid substance.
- The nucleus is the centre of the cell, which is a membrane bound organelle containing the genetic material that controls gene expression and cell activity.
- The endoplasmic reticulum is a folded network of membranes with the functions of protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. Has smooth and rough ER with rough containing ribosomes.
- Ribosomes are small non membrane bound organelles that move around the cell and are responsible for protein synthesis
- The Golgi apparatus is a set of stacked membranes and it modifies, sorts and packages proteins for transport
- The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell. It has a double membrane and is where cellular respiration occurs, producing ATP
- Lysosomes are membrane bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes which break down and remove waste
- Cytoskeleton is a network of protien fillaments that provide structural support and facilitate intracellular transport
- Centrioles are cylindrical organlles that play a role in cell division
- Peroxisomes are membrane bound organelles involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification
What is cell theory
Cell theory is a fundamental biological principal that describes the basic properties of living orgamisms, composing of 3 parts.
1. All living organisms are composed of cells
2. cells are the basic unit of life
3. All cells come from other pre-exisiting cells
What does the Golgi apparatus do ?
The “post office” of the cell. It recieves, packages, modifys and prepares protiens for transport
What is the structure and function of the cell membrane
What is the organelle responsible for the synthesis of protein?
Ribosomes, both free and those bound to the rough ER
What is apoptosis and what is its importance to the cell?
Apoptosis is regulated and programed death of a cell that has direct participation in its own death. It is important for multiple reasons
- cell turnover of older cells
- prevention of autoimmune disease by removing immune cells that could attack healthy tissue
- Elimination of cells with damaged DNA or toxin exposure
- Regulate the immune system
- eliminate unwanted cells during the development process
- Homeostasis within a tissue to prevent overgrowth of cells
Define Cytoskeleton
What is the role of a lysosome?
What is cell differentiation?
what is the function of the nucleus within a eukaryotic cell
what are membrane transport proteins?
What is active and passive transport?
What is exocytosis
What is the process of endocytosis
Why is the sodium-potassium pump important ?
What is cell signalling ?
What is organelle trafficking within a cell
What are cell junctions? List the name of one.
What is cell adhesion?
What is the role of microvilli?
Why is the fluid mosaic model in the cell membrane structure important?
What is the process of cellular respiration?
What will happen to the cell if the ribosomes become non functional?
