Cells- Topic 5- Cell division (mitosis, binary fission, and definitions of haploid, diploid etc)

Question 2

What is the process of binary fission?

Answer 2

1. DNA replication of circular DNA.
2. Replicated DNA attaches to cell membrane and cell elongates, causing the chromosomes to seperate.
3. Cytokinesis occurs, meaning the cell membrane furrows.
4. 2 cells formed, identical to parent cell.

Question 3

what is binary fission and what type of cell uses it?

Answer 3

Binary fission is asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells. Daughter cells are genetically identical to parent cell. Cell division produces 2 smaller cells each with a larger surface area to volume ration. Commonly in bacteria.

Question 4

What happens in Interphase in Mitosis?

Answer 4

1. DNA is in chromatin form.
2. DNA replication occurs.

Question 5

What happens in prophase in Mitosis?

Answer 5

1. Chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
2. Nuclear membrane disintegrates.
3. Chromosomes randomly attach to the cytoskeleton.

Question 6

what happens in metaphase in mitosis?

Answer 6

1. Chromosomes align along the cell equator.

Question 7

What happens in anaphase in mitosis?

Answer 7

1. Cytoskeleton/ spindle fibers pulls chromatids apart to opposite poles, becoming chromosomes.

Question 8

What happens in telophase in mitosis?

Answer 8

1. Chromosomes decondense into chromatin
2. Cytokinesis begins.
3. Two cells formed.

Question 9

Compare the products of binary fission and mitotic division.

Answer 9

1. 1 chromosome in binary fission while many in mitosis.
2. DNA in binary fission is circular.
3. No cytoskeleton in binary fission.
4. Attachment of chromosomes to cell membrane in binary fission.
5. Both have cytokinesis.
6. Both have the replication of DNA.
7. Prokaryote vs Eukaryote cells.

Question 10

what are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 10

pairs of chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father.

Question 11

What are diploid cells?

Answer 11

cells which have two chromosomes from each homologous pair (full chromosome number).

Question 12

What are haploid cells?

Answer 12

cells which have one chromosome from each homologous pair (half chromosome number).

Question 13

what’s the difference in the number of chromosomes in haploid and diploid cells?

Answer 13

number in haploid is n so, number in diploid is 2n (double the haploid number)

Question 14

what is chromatin?

Answer 14

Uncondensed chromosomes.