Cells- Topic 2- Energy

Question 1

Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Answer 1

Autotrophs create own energy via photosynthesis.
Heterotrophs consume energy, obtained via the breakdown of glucose in respiration.

Question 2

Compare the inputs and outputs of autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Answer 2

Inputs: Autotrophs input oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrates and phosphates while heterotrophs input oxygen, nitrates, phosphates and organic compounds.

Outputs: Autotrophs output oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethanol, while heterotrophs output carbon dioxide and lactic acid.

Question 3

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 3

6CO2 + 6H2O ——-> C6H12O6 + 6CO2
carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Question 4

What is the function of photosynthesis and what is needed for it?

Answer 4

Photosynthesis is the use of light energy to convert carbon dioxide to glucose and
needs Chloroplasts, light energy and water.

Question 5

What is the aerobic respiration equation?

Answer 5

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H2O
glucose + oxygen —–> carbon dioxide + water

Question 6

What is the function of aerobic respiration, where does it occur, and what does it need?

Answer 6

Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to convert glucose into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. It uses the mitochondria and needs the Mitochondria, oxygen, and glucose. Completely breaks down glucose.

Question 7

What is the equation for fermentation?

Answer 7

C6H12O6 ——> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
glucose —–> ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 8

What is the function of fermentation, where does it occur, and what does it need?

Answer 8

Fermentation: Conversion of glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Occurs: In the cytoplasm of plant cells
Needs: No oxygen.

Question 9

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 9

C6H12O6 —–> 2C3H6O3
glucose ——> lactic acid

Question 10

What is the function of anerobic respiration, where does it occur, and what does it need?

Answer 10

Anerobic Respiration: Conversion of glucose into lactic acid.
Occurs: In the cytoplasm of animal cells.
Needs: No oxygen. Reconverts lactic acid when oxygen available.

Question 11

Compare the amount of energy released through aerobic respiration and fermentation.

Answer 11

Enough bond energy is released to re-join 36 ATP in aerobic respiration, and enough for roughly 2 ATP in fermentation