cells tissues and organisms Flashcards
4.25cm is equal to how many micrometres?
4.25 x 10 4 micrometres.
Electron microscopes have a greater resolution and magnification because electrons have what kind of wavelength?
Shorter.
Organisms can be classified as viruses …………….. and eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes.
Define prokaryotes.
Organisms in which the nucleus and organelles are not membrane bound.
Define eukaryotes.
Cells that contain a distinct membrane bound nucleus.
What is the basic cell structure of a cell membrane called?
Fluid mosaic.
How wide is the membrane of a cell?
7.5 nanometres.
What are human cell walls comprised of?
Phospholipid layer and proteins.
Name four ways that substances can enter and leave a cell.
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and active transport.
In what form does active transport require energy?
ATP.
How can organelles be isolated?
Cell fractionation.
What structure does the nucleus enclose and protect?
DNA.
What does DNA do?
Controls the activities of the cell.
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondrion folded into?
(Agatha) Cristae.
What are cristae the site of?
ETC (electron transport chain).
What is an electron transport chain?
Carrier molecules within the mitochondrial membrane that form a pathway in aerobic metabolism.
What is aerobic metabolism?
The series of processes that living cells go through to produce energy through the oxidation of organic substances.
What cycle takes place in the matrix?
Krebs Cycle.
What is the matrix?
The site of oxidation in the mitochondrion.
Tissue in which more specialised structures are embedded.
What is the Krebs Cycle?
Very important process in cellular respiration.
Produces high energy molecules that in turn act as electron carriers in the electron transport chain.
Also called the Citric Acid Cycle.
What does amphibolic mean?
A process that both creates (anabolic) and destroys (catabolic) molecules.
What is rough endoplasmic reticulum covered in?
Ribosomes.
What are ribosomes?
Protein synthesisers.
In a chloroplast where do the light dependent reactions take place?
Thylakoids.
In a chloroplast where do the light independent reactions take place?
Stroma.
What is the name given to a particular strain of cells that group together to perform a particular function?
Tissue.
1cm =
1 x 10 -2m
1mm =
1 x 10 - 3m
1 micrometre =
1 x 10 -6m
1 nanometre =
1 x 10 - 9m
1 picometre =
1 x 10 -12m
