Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS in a week biology > A2 Chemistry Definitions > Flashcards

A2 Chemistry Definitions Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Acid-base pair

A

A pair of two species that turn into each other through either losing or gaining a proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum level of energy needed to start a reaction by breaking bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Addition polymer

A

A very long molecular chain that is formed by repeated addition reactions of many monomers (unsaturated alkene molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Addition reaction

A

A reaction in which a reactant is added to an unsaturated molecule to make a saturated molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adsorption

A

The process that occurs when a gas, liquid or solute is held to the surface of a solid or less commonly a liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alicyclic hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon that has carbon atoms joined together in a ring formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon that has carbon atoms joined together in either straight or branched chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alkali

A

A type of base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions (OH-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Alkanes

A

The homologous series with the general formula CnH2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alkyl group

A

An alkane with a hydrogen atom removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amount of substance

A

The mole. The amount of substance is the means by which chemists can count atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Anhydrous

A

A substance that contains no water molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atom economy

A

The molecular mass of the desired product divided by the sum of the molecular masses of all the products x100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Atomic orbital

A

A region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Avogadro’s constant (N A)

A

6.02 x10 23mol-1

18
Q

Biodegradable substance

A

A substance that can be broken down naturally in the environment by other living organisms

19
Q

Biodegradable polymer

A

A polymer that breaks down completely into CO2 and H2O

20
Q

Boltzmann distribution

A

A diagram that shows the distribution of the energies of the molecules at a particular temperature

21
Q

Bronsted-Lowry acid

A

A species that is a proton donor, H+

22
Q

Bronsted-Lowry base

A

A species that is a proton acceptor, H+

23
Q

Buffer solution

A

A substance that reduces the difference in pH when small volumes of either acid or base are added to a solution

24
Q

Carbanion

A

An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a negative charge

25
Q

Carbocation

A

An organic ion in which a carbon atom has a positive charge

26
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up itself

27
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion

28
Q

Chiral carbon

A

A carbon atom that is attached to four other different atoms or groups of atoms

29
Q

Complex ion

A

A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds

30
Q

Ligands

A

An ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form a complex

31
Q

Coordinate bonds

A

A covalent bond in which both electrons come from the same atom. Also known as a dative bond.

32
Q

Concentration

A

The amount of solute in moles per 1000cm3 of solution

33
Q

Condensation reaction

A

A reaction where two small molecules react together to form a bigger molecule releasing small molecules such as water

34
Q

Conjugate base

A

A species formed when a proton is added to a base

35
Q

Conjugate acid

A

A species formed when a proton is added to an acid

36
Q

Coordination number

A

the total number of coordinate bonds that have formed between the central metal ion and any ligands

37
Q

Covalent bond

A

A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons

38
Q

Cracking

A

The breaking down of long chain saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of short chained alkenes and alkanes

39
Q

Curly arrow

A

A symbol used in reaction mechanisms to the movement of an electron pair during the breaking or formation of a covalent bond

40
Q

Dative covalent

A

A bond in which the pair of electrons are shared within the one atom only

41
Q

Degradable polymer

A

A polymer that breaks down into smaller pieces when exposed to light, heat or moisture

42
Q

Dehydration

A

An elimination reaction whereby water is removed from a saturated molecule to form an unsaturated molecule

AS in a week biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions