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Science 8 > Cells & Systems > Flashcards

Cells & Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Cell theory (3 things)

A

The cell is the smallest unit of life
All living things are made of cells
Each new cell comes from an existing cell

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2
Q

What are the two cell types

A

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

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3
Q

What are Eukaryotes cells

A

have nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

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4
Q

What are Eukaryotic cells split into

A

Eukaryotic cells are split into Plant or Animal cells.

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5
Q

What are Prokaryotes cells

A

NO nucleus or membrane bound organelles *Eg. Bacteria

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6
Q

Both animal and plant cells have

A
  • cell membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus (DNA)
  • mitochondria
  • ribosomes
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • golgi apparatus
  • lysosomes
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7
Q

What do plant cells have that animal cells do not

A
  • cell wall
  • chloroplasts
  • central vacuole (tonoplast)
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8
Q

What is unicellular

A

Cells made up of one single cell (eg bacteria, protists, yeast)

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9
Q

What is multicellular

A

cells that specialize to carry out different functions

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10
Q

What advantages of Unicellular cells

A

Can reproduce very quickly

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11
Q

Disadvantages of Unicellular Cells

A
  • need to live in a food-rich environment (usually water)
  • only carry out limited functions
  • can not grow very large or live very long
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12
Q

Advantages of Multicellular

A
  • can live in a variety of environments
  • can carry out many different functions (specialization)
  • can grow much larger
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13
Q

Disadvantages of Multicellular

A
  • require more energy to function

- take much longer to mature and reproduce

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14
Q

What is Diffusion

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles in liquids and gases from areas of HIGH CONCENTRATION to areas of LOW
CONCENTRATION.

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15
Q

What is Osmosis

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of WATER and any materials DISSOLVED in it across cell membranes.

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16
Q

Describe Chloroplasts

A

Carries out photosynthesis in plant cells

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17
Q

What is a Cell Wall

A

Gives plant cells strength and support

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18
Q

What is Cytoplasm

A

A moving fluid that distributes materials

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19
Q

What does a nucleus do

A

Controls the cells actives ( the cells brain)

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20
Q

What is a cell membrane

A

A thin protective skin

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21
Q

What do Vacuoles do

A

Store extra materials that the cell cannot use at the moment

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22
Q

What is a cell

A

the smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body

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23
Q

Describe Magnify

A

make (something) appear larger than it is, especially with a lens or microscope.

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24
Q

Describe the term Microscope

A

an instrument that makes an enlarged image of a small object, thus revealing details too small to be seen by the unaided eye.

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25
Q

Describe the term Wet mount

A

a glass slide holding a specimen suspended in a drop of liquid (as water) for microscopic examination

26
Q

What are Organelles

A

specialized structures that perform various jobs inside cells

27
Q

What is Cellulose

A

a molecule, consisting of hundreds – and sometimes even thousands – of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

28
Q

What are the two most significant differences between a cell membrane and a cell wall?

A

A Cell wall only exists in plant cells, A cell membrane only exists in animal cells

29
Q

List the three characteristics of living organisms

A

They need to breath oxygen
They need food to live
Is able to move

30
Q

How were cells first discovered

A

The invention of the microscope led to the discovery of the cell by Robert Hooke, at the same time Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first to discover single cell organism

31
Q

What is the ocular lens (Microscope)

A

The eye piece that you look through (eyepiece)

32
Q

What is the body tube (Microscope)

A

Holds the eyepiece and the objective lenses at the proper working distance from each other (Holds everything together)

33
Q

What is the coarse adjustment knob (Microscope)

A

Moves the tube or stage up or down to bring the object into

focus. Use it only with the low-power objective lens.

34
Q

What is the fine adjustment knob (Microscope)

A

Use with medium- and high-power magnification to bring the object into sharper focus.

35
Q

What is the arm of a microscope

A

Connects the base and tube. Use this for carrying the microscope.

36
Q

What is the Nose piece (Microscope)

A

Rotating disk holds two or more objective lenses. Turn it to change lenses. Each lens clicks into place.

37
Q

What is the objective lens (Microscope)

A

Magnify the object. Each lens has a different power of magnification, such as 4×, 10×, and 40×, or 10×, 40×, and 100×. The magnifying power is engraved on the side of each objective lens. Be sure you can identify each lens. For example, the low-power objective lens is usually 10×.

38
Q

What is the stage (Microscope)

A

Supports the microscope slide. Clips hold the slide in position. A hole in the center of the stage allows the light from the light source to pass through the slide.

39
Q

What is the condenser lens (Microscope)

A

Directs light to the object being viewed.

40
Q

What is the diaphragm (Microscope)

A

Use this to control the amount of light reaching the object being viewed.

41
Q

What is the light source (Microscope)

A

Shining a light through the object being viewed makes it easier to see the details. (Your microscope might have a mirror instead of a light. If it does, you will adjust it to direct light through the lenses.)

42
Q

What three organelles do you only find in plat cells

A

Cell Wall, Chloroplasts, & Ribosomes

43
Q

What is the respiratory system

A

The system of the body that deals with breathing

44
Q

What is the trachea

A

The wind pipe

45
Q

What are capillaries

A

are small blood vessels with thin walls and are wrapped around these alveolies

46
Q

What is osmosis?

A

osmosis, the spontaneous passage or diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane (one that blocks the passage of dissolved substances—i.e., solutes).

47
Q

What is selectively permeable membrane?

A

A membrane that only particles through

48
Q

What is a permeable membrane

A

A membrane that allows all materials through

49
Q

What is an impermeable membrane ?

A

A membrane that allows nothing through

50
Q

What are vascular tissues in plants

A

tissues that connect the roots to the leaves

51
Q

What are Phloem tissue in plants

A

Phloem tissue transports sugars manufactured in the leaves to the rest of the plant.

52
Q

What are Xylem tissues in plants

A

Xylem tissue conducts water and minerals absorbed by the root cells to every cell in the plant

53
Q

Do Xylem and phloem tissue usually occur together

A

yes.

Xylem and phloem tissue usually occur together, along the length of the plant stems and roots. Both types of tissue are surrounded and supported by other tissue that gives the plant strength. This other tissue has large vacuoles for storing food and water.

54
Q

What are root hairs

A

These “hairs” are, in fact, extensions of single epidermal cells. Epidermal cells form epidermal tissue, which protects the outside of a plant.

55
Q

What is Transpiration

A

This loss of water from a plant through evaporation is called transpiration.

56
Q

What process causes water to enter or leave a cell?

A

Osmosis

57
Q

What is the function of guard cells?

A

They protect the cell

58
Q

Which tissues conduct sugars in plants?

A

Phloem tissue

59
Q

Which tissues conduct water in plants?

A

Xylem tissue

60
Q

How are osmosis and diffusion alike? How are they different?

A

Osmosis

Diffusion

61
Q

Why do cells in your body need to be specialized?

A
62
Q

Why do nerve cells have long fibres, whereas red blood cells are thin and disklike?

A

Science 8 (3 decks)

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