Cells-structures

Question 1

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 1

animal/plant cell, has membrane bound organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi
body, lysosome, mitochondra)

Question 2

Prokaryotic

Answer 2

bacteria, has no membrane bound organelles

Question 3

What are the 2 forms of Reproduction?

Answer 3

Sexual & Asexual

Question 4

Sexual

Answer 4

 Sexual Reproduction in Animals & Some Plants
 Sexual Reproduction uses 2 parents (each provides a gamete which fuse to form a zygote, zygote develops
into organism)

Question 5

Asexual

Answer 5

 Asexual Reproduction in Microorganisms & Some Plants

 Asexual Reproduction uses 1 parent to produce genetically identical offspring

Question 6

Define a tissue, organ and organ system?

Answer 6

 tissue = a group of specialised cells
 organ = made of different tissues
 organ system = different organs working together

Question 7

What is an Animal Cell made of?

Answer 7

 Organelles (nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes) – all have
membrane except the ribosomes
 Cytoplasm (site of chemical reaction)
 Cell Membrane (holds cell contents together, controls what enters/leaves cell, cell signalling)

Question 8

Structure of Nucleus?

Answer 8

 contains DNA
 DNA wrapped around histones to form Chromatin
 nucleus has a double membrane, called Nuclear Envelope, which contains pores
 rest of nucleus made of Nucleoplasm (contains the DNA/chromatin)

Question 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 9

 2 types = Rough and Smooth
 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum has ribosomes on it, makes proteins
 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum has no ribosomes on it, makes lipids/carbohydrates

Question 10

Golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

 modifies and packages proteins
 packages them into vesicles for transport
 digestive enzymes are placed into lysosomes

Question 11

Mitochondria?

Answer 11

 site of respiration, releases energy, produces ATP (energy carrier molecule)
 has a double membrane, inner membrane folded into Cristae (increases surface area for enzymes of
respiration)
 middle portion called Matrix

Question 12

Ribosomes?

Answer 12

 attached to RER

 site of protein synthesis

Question 13

What is a Plant Cell made of?

Answer 13

 Organelles all have membrane except the ribosomes
 Cytoplasm (site of chemical reaction)
 Cell Membrane (holds cell contents together, controls what enters/leaves cell, cell signalling)
 Cell Wall (made of cellulose, prevents cell from bursting or shrinking)

Question 14

Structure of chloroplast?

Answer 14

 organelle for photosynthesis

 has double membrane

Question 15

Vacuole?

Answer 15

Surrounded by a membrane called a tonoplast, contains Cell Sap (water, sugar, minerals)

Question 16

What is Bacteria made of?

Answer 16

 No nucleus – loose DNA in the form of a single loop and plasmid
 No membrane bound organelles: smaller ribosomes, – infolding of cell membrane for respiration
 Cytoplasm
 Cell Membrane & Cell Wall

Question 17

What is Virus made of?

Answer 17

 DNA or RNA
 Protein Coat
 Attachment proteins on outside

Question 18

Virus infection?

Answer 18

 infects host cells by attaching using their attachment protein,
 send in their DNA which uses the cell to make the viruses components and uses the cell membrane to make the viruses lipid coat
 producing copies of the virus and destroying the host cell