Cells Quest

Question 0

What is an organism?

Answer 0

Any living thing.

Question 1

What is a cell?

Answer 1

The smallest functional and structural unit of all living organisms.

Question 2

Robert Hooke

Answer 2

First person to describe cells.
1665 built microscope
Looked at cork saw “little boxes” he named them cells.

Question 3

Why are cells small?

Answer 3

Surface area-volume
Size limited by outer surface area
Volume grows faster than surface area. If a cell gets too large, cell’s surface area will not be large enough to take in enough nutrients or pump out enough wastes.

Question 4

Surface area to volume ratio

Answer 4

Calculate surface area
Number of faces x area of one face
(b x b)

Calculate volume
Side x side x side

Calculate ratio:
Surface area: volume

Question 5

Cell Theory

Answer 5

A ll organisms are made up of one or more cells
B asic unit of all organisms
C ells come from existing cells

Question 6

Who’s discoveries led to cell theory?

Answer 6

Matthias Schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolf Virchow

Question 7

Anton van Leewenhoek

Answer 7

First person to describe actual living cells when he looked at pond water under a microscope

Question 8

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 8

Said all plants are made of cells

Question 9

Theodor Schwann

Answer 9

Concluded that all organisms are made up of one or more cells
Determined that the cell is the basic unit of all living things

Question 10

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 10

Added that all cells come from existing cells

Question 11

Cell Membrane

Answer 11

Protective layer that covers a cells surface and acts as a barrier. Controls materials that move in and out of cell

Question 12

Cytoplasm

Answer 12

Region enclosed by membrane and includes fluid and all of the organelles.

Question 13

Organelles

Answer 13

Small body in a cells cytoplasm that is specialized to perform a specific function.

Question 14

DNA

Answer 14

Genetic material that provides instructions for all cell processes.

Question 15

Prokaryote

Answer 15

Single called organism 
Doesn't have nucleus
DNA located in cytoplasm
Contain ribosomes
Smaller than eukaryotes

Question 16

Eukaryotes

Answer 16

Organism made up of cells
DNA in nucleus
Contain membrane bound organelles
Contain ribosomes
 Multicellular organisms are eukaryotes

Question 17

Elements

Answer 17

Different types of atoms

Question 18

Molecules

Answer 18

Made up of two or more atoms

Some are made up of different types of atoms and some of the same

Question 19

Compound

Answer 19

Substance made up of atoms of two or more elements joined by chemical bond

Question 20

Important molecules in cells

Answer 20

Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids

Question 21

Lipid

Answer 21

Fat molecule

Job in cells: storing energy that organisms can use when they need it

Question 22

Protein

Answer 22

Molecule made up of smaller molecules: amino acids

Job in cells: build and repair body structures and to regulate body processes

Question 23

Carbohydrates

Answer 23

Molecules that include sugars, starches and fibers

Job in cell: source of energy and energy storage

Question 24

Nucleic Acids

Answer 24

Molecule that carries information in cells

DNA is a type of nuclei acid

Question 25

Phospholipids

Answer 25

Form much of the cell membrane
Head attracts water
Tail repels water
Process where water moves in and out-osmosis

Question 26

Osmosis

Answer 26

Depends on concentration of water outside and inside cell

If water inside cell is lower than outside, water will move in and vice Versa