Cells pt.1

Question 1

Define ‘cell’

Answer 1

The cell isthe basic structural and functional unit of living organisms

Question 2

Some living organisms are single celled while some are composed of many cells. What are the two terms used to describe these organisms?

Answer 2

unicellular/multicellular

Question 3

What are the most common structures found in an animal cell?

Answer 3

1) cell membrane
2) nucleus
3) cytoplasm
4) mitochondria

Question 4

What are the most common structures found in a plant cell?

Answer 4

1) Cell wall
2) cell membrane
3) cytoplasm
4) chloroplasts
5) large permanent vacuole
6) nucleus
7) mitochondria

Question 5

What are the two types of cells?

Answer 5

1) Prokaryotic
2) Eukaryotic

Question 6

Are plants and animals Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes?

Answer 6

Eukaryotes

Question 7

What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and organelles bound by plasma membranes.

Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane bound nucleus or organelles.

Question 8

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 8

supports and protects the plant cell and also gives the plant cell its shape.

Question 9

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 9

it controls what substances enter and leave the cell

Question 10

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

supports the organelles and is the site for many chemical reactions

Question 11

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 11

controls the characteristics and functioning of the cell, is essential for cell division and it contains genetic information.

Question 12

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 12

stores food, cell secretions or cell waste and supports the plant cells when the cell is full of water and the contents are pushing against the cell wall

Question 13

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 13

this is where respiration occurs to release energy for the cell.

Question 14

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 14

this is where photosynthesis occurs to produce food for the plant

Question 15

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 15

this is where proteins are synthesized or produced

Question 16

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 16

transports substances throughout the cell

Question 17

Identify the differences between plant and animal cells.

Answer 17

1) animal cells do not have a cell wall but plant cells do
2) animal cells do not have chloroplasts/chlorophyll but plant cells do
3) when vacuoles are present in animal cells they are small and scattered throughout the cytoplasm and their contents vary. Plant cells usually have one large central vacuole which contains cell sap.
4) animal cells may contain glycogen granules as a food store. Plant cells may contain starch grains as a food store
5) animal cells can have a great variety of shapes. Plant cells have a regular shape which is usually round, square or rectangular.

Question 18

Define cell differentiation

Answer 18

cell differentiation happens because multicellular organisms are composed of many different types of cells that specialize in different functions and as these cells are produced and developed they change their structure in some ways to specialize in a specific function.

Question 19

Give another term for cell differentiation

Answer 19

cell specialization

Question 20

Give examples of specialized cells in plants and animals

Answer 20

1) xylem vessels
2) root hair cells
3) red blood cells
4) epithelial cells
5) nerve cell
6) sperm cell
7) egg/ovum

Question 21

What are xylem vessels?

Answer 21

pipe-like columns which provide support and transports water & mineral salts from the roots to other parts of a plant

Question 22

What are root hair cells?

Answer 22

cells in a plant which increase the rate of diffusion of water and mineral salts, has a large surface area to volume ratio and has a long narrow extension of the cell

Question 24

What are red blood cells

Answer 24

The biconcave shaped cells containing hemoglobin which have no nucleus, has an elastic cell membrane and transports oxygen to the other body cells.

Question 25

What are membranes made of?

Answer 25

Plasma

Question 26

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 26

Bacteria