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Biology Y12 > Cells - organelles + functions (plant and animal eukaryote) > Flashcards

Cells - organelles + functions (plant and animal eukaryote) Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the structures inside of the nucleus.
((5))

A
  • Nucleolus
  • Chromatin
  • Nuclear membrane
  • Nuclear pores
  • Nucleoplasm
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2
Q

Where and what does the nucleolus do?

A

The nucleolus is inside the nucleus and there can be multiple within a nucleus.
The nucleolus makes rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and assembles ribosomes.

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3
Q

What is Chromatin?

A

Chromatin is DNA and when coiled up into a specific shape, they become Chromosomes.

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4
Q

Explain the composition and function of the nuclear membrane.

A

The nuclear membrane is a double membrane which wraps around the nucleus, it controls the passage of materials in and out of the nucleus. The membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum.

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5
Q

What are Nuclear pores and what is their function?

A

Nuclear pores are small holes in the double nuclear membranes which allow mRNA out

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6
Q

What is the liquid inside the nucleus called?

A

Nucleoplasm, similar to the cytoplasm.

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7
Q

Name the structures inside mitochondria. ((5))

A
  • Mitochondrial DNA
  • inner membrane folded into cristae
  • outer membrane (both form a double membrane)
  • matrix
  • ribosomes
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8
Q

Explain the arrangement and function of the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

A

The inner membrane is folded into cristae to maximise surface area for enzymes involved in respiration.

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9
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria is the site of aerobic respiration.

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10
Q

What is the plasma inside the mitochondria called and what does it contain?

A

The plasma inside the mitochondria is called the matrix and contains many enzymes.

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11
Q

Why does the mitochondria contain ribosomes?

A

For protein synthesis.

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12
Q

What is DNA inside the mitochondria called?

A

Mitochondrial DNA

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum? (ER)

A
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
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14
Q

Which ER has ribosomes on it’s surface?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

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15
Q

What are the features and functions of RER? ((5))

A
  • ribosomes on the surface
  • continuous network with outer membrane of nucleus
  • makes and transports proteins
  • continuous tubules
  • flattened sacs called cisternae
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16
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

A

The golgi apparatus modifies the proteins and lipids made in the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles pinch off and travel to the cell surface membrane where they fuse with it and release the contents out of the cell.

17
Q

Explain what lysosomes contains and why. Give an example of a cell containing lysosomes.

A

Lysosomes contain lots of enzymes which are used to digest/ hydrolyse. An example of a cell containing lysosomes is a phagocytic cell.

18
Q

What are the 2 different types of ribosome?

A
  • 70s
  • 80s
19
Q

What type of ribosomes would a prokaryote contain?

A

70s

20
Q

What type of ribosomes would a eukaryote contain?

A

80s

21
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

The ribosome is the site of protein synthesis.

22
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm and give an example.

A

The cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions within the cell, for example, anaerobic respiration.

23
Q

What is the vacuoles function? ((3))

A
  • Provides the cell with support to maintain a rigid structure.
  • Can be used as temporary food source
  • Involved in the isolation of chemicals
24
Q

What does the vacuole contain? ((5))

A
  • Minerals
  • Sugars
  • Salts
  • Amino-acids
  • Some pigments
25
Q

What is the cell wall made out of and what is it’s function?

A

The cell wall is made out of cellulose and provides strength for the cell.

26
Q

What is the plasmodesmata and what does it do?

A

The plasmodesmata is holes in the endings of each cell that is connected to another cell, they allow for rapid transport of substances between cells such as water.

27
Q

What structures are inside a chloroplast?((4))

A
  • The lamelle
  • Double membrane
  • Thylakoid (individual disks are called grana)
  • Stroma
28
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast?

A

Site of photosynthesis

Biology Y12 (4 decks)

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