Cells & Organelles Flashcards
Eukaryotic cells
More complex and usually multi-cellular and have a membrane- bound nucleus and organelles.
Prokaryotic cells
Simple, unicellular organisms that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles.
Plant cells …
Have chloroplasts, cell walls, and 1-2 large, central vacuoles. They do NOT have centrioles
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell by performing the last steps of cellular respiration to produce ATP.
Has a double membrane and it’s own DNA.
Chloroplast
The organelle in plants that performs photosynthesis and contains the pigment chlorophyll.
Ribosomes
Can be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free within the cytoplasm. Ribosomes make proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum
The highway of the cell. Network of tubules and vesicles that transport proteins. Found near the nucleus.
Golgi Apparatus
The post office of the cell. Modifies and packages proteins.
Lysosomes
Digests worn-out or excess organelles.
Nucleus
The brain of the cell. Contains the DNA, the instructions for making proteins and additional cells.
Nucleolus
The structure inside the nucleus that makes ribosomes.
Cell membrane
The selective barrier that controls substances that move in and out of the cell. Made of a phospholipid bilayer.
Vacuole
Storage tank of cell. Stores wastes, toxins and nutrients. The large vacuole in plants stores sugars and water.
