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BRS - Neuro > Cells of the NS > Flashcards

Cells of the NS Flashcards

1
Q

Why can’t neurones be classified?

A
  • very polymorphous nature (exists in different forms etc.)
  • heterogenous morphology (each 1 is somewhat unique)
  • hard to classify by shape, location + function
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2
Q

What is a mature neurone?

A

non-dividing (?) excitable cell

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3
Q

What is the main function of a mature neurone?

A

recieve + transmit info in form of electrical signals

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4
Q

What is defining feature of unipolar neurones?

A

1 axonal projection

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5
Q

What is the defining feature of pseudo-unipolar neurones?

A

1 axonal projection that divides into 2

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6
Q

What is defining feature of bipolar neurones?

A

2 axonal projections from cell body

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7
Q

What is defining feature of multipolar neurones?

A

1 axonal projection + multiple dendrites from cell body

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8
Q

What are 3 examples of multipolar neurones?

A
  • purkinje
  • golgi
  • pyramidal
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9
Q

What is a pyramidal cell?

A

multipolar neurone w/ ‘pyramid’ shaped cell body

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10
Q

What is a golgi cell?

A

GABA mulitpolar neurons found in the cerebellum

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11
Q

What is a purkinje cell?

A

GABA mulitpolar neurons found in the cerebellum

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12
Q

What are 3 similar features found in most neurones?

A
  • soma
  • axon
  • dendrites
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13
Q

What is a soma?

A
  • cell body, perikaryon

* contains nucleus, ribosomes + neurofilaments for structure + transport

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14
Q

What is an axon?

A
  • Long process (aka nerve fibre) - originates from soma at axon hillock
  • Can branch off into ‘collaterals’
  • Usually covered in myelin
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15
Q

What is a dendrite?

A
  • highly branched part of cell body
  • NOT covered in myelin
  • receives signals form other neurones
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16
Q

What is an axon hillock?

A

area of axon projection

17
Q

What are the 6 main cells of the CNS?

A
  • neurones
  • oligodendrocyte
  • astrocyte
  • microglia
  • ependyma
  • schwann cell
18
Q

What is an oligodendrocyte?

A
  • glial cell
  • produces myelin in CNS
  • sends out numerous projections to form internodes of myelin covering axons of neurones
  • capable of myelinating a no. of axons
19
Q

What is a Schwann cell?

A
  • myelin producing cells of PNS

* can only myelinate single axonal segment

20
Q

What is a microglia?

A
  • similar to macrophages

* performs immune functions of CNS

21
Q

What is an ependyma?

A
  • epithelial cells
  • lines fluid-filled ventricles
  • regulates production + movement of CSF
22
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A
  • most abundant cell type in the brain
  • structural cells
  • roles in cell repair, synapse formation, neuronal maturation + plasticity

BRS - Neuro (10 decks)

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