Cells of the Nervous System Lecture Flashcards
Stomach to brain is sensory or motor?
sensory; brain to stomach would be motor
which part of the nervous system is responsible for slowing down the heart beat rate?
autonomic - motor control over the cardiac muscle
which part of neuron is responsible for receiving the signals
dendrites, the cell body, and part of the axon - these are all options of parts that can receive signals
what is the axon responsible for
delivering the neural signal also known as the action potential
where does the action potential start
the axon hillock or the trigger zone
what is around the axon
myelin sheath
why is myelin sheath important
speeds up the propagation of the signal; insulation; increases conduction speed
do all axons have a myelin sheath
no
is the myelin sheath continuous
no - there are segments of the myelin sheath
how is the myelin sheath formed
an independent cell makes the myelin sheath - cross section of the myelin sheath would show the axon and then the cell around it - concentric circles like a snail shell
why is the sheath not continuous
we need segments to help with action potential propagation
what are the “nascar team supporting” cells to neurons?
the glial cells
which cell is responsible for removing blood clots from the brain
microglia
what are the microglia
they serve as kind of like the immune system of the CNS; pathological agents, remnants and other residual stuff it cleans it up
what are astrocytes
make up structural framework of CNS; hold the capillaries; they support and brace neurons and they also help to control the chemical environment - astrocytes can be one of the ways to absorb, remove or secrete ions ; they can absorb neurotransmitters
what do the oligodendrocytes do
they form the myelin sheath around the axons; they make different myelin sections of different neurons by connecting to multiple cells/neurons; insulators of the thick neurons of the CNS
what do the ependymal cells do
they help with the circulation of the CSF
what is outside of the cells? what are cells embedded within
extracellular fluid - ECF or interstitial fluid
capillaries bring nutrients to the __ and then the ___ brings the nutrients into the cell
ECF , ECF
what are the myelin forming cells of the PNS
schwann cells
why do we need microglial in the CNS?
because our immune cells aren’t meant to be in the brain; CNS is too sensitive; we need to protect our brain
what keeps the immune cells out of the CNS
the blood brain barrier (BBB)
where is the BBB found
the capillaries in the brain and the ECF in the brain
T/F? we control to some extend what goes through the BBB because there are a lot of things on the capillaries that we don’t want to get into the CNS
true